In this paper, we derive a closed-form approximation for the achievable uplink ergodic rate of the users in a single-cell multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, where the angular domain in the physical channel model is divided into a finite number of separate directions and the base station (BS) is equipped with a large number of antenna elements. Then, we develop an approximation for the spectral efficiency of various detectors such as maximum-ratio combining (MRC), zero-forcing (ZF), and linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE). We also propose a resource allocation scheme in which the pilot power, data power, and training duration are optimally chosen in order to maximize the spectral efficiency in a given total power budget. By employing the proposed power allocation scheme, the simulation results illustrate a notable improvement in the achievable spectral efficiency. Moreover, the results show that the performance of the proposed method is much superior when the number of channel directions or the number of antennas at BS increases. Furthermore, while the advantage of the proposed method is more notable in the case of ZF and LMMSE receivers, it still outperforms the equal power allocation method for the MRC receiver in terms of spectral efficiency.

在本文中，我们推导出了单小区多用户多输入多输出 (MIMO) 系统中用户可达到的上行遍历速率的封闭形式近似值，其中物理信道模型中的角域被划分到有限数量的单独方向，并且基站 (BS) 配备有大量天线单元。然后，我们开发了各种检测器频谱效率的近似值，例如最大比合并 (MRC)、迫零 (ZF) 和线性最小均方误差 (LMMSE)。我们还提出了一种资源分配方案，其中优化选择导频功率、数据功率和训练持续时间，以便在给定的总功率预算中最大化频谱效率。通过采用建议的功率分配方案，仿真结果表明可实现的频谱效率显着提高。此外，结果表明，当信道方向的数量或基站的天线数量增加时，所提出的方法的性能要优越得多。此外，虽然所提出方法的优势在 ZF 和 LMMSE 接收器的情况下更为显着，但它在频谱效率方面仍然优于 MRC 接收器的等功率分配方法。