Rural areas have very important ecological service functions. This study investigated the evolution of ecosystem services value (ESV) in rural regions based on the physical geographical scope of rural areas. The replacement value method, shadow price method, precipitation stock method, quantitative measurement by Remote Sensing and Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach (CASA) model calculations were used to analyze the evolution of ESV (Nutrient cycling, Maintaining atmospheric balance, Organic matter production, Water conservation) in Nanjing's rural regions between 1985 and 2016. The results show that: (1) From 1985 to 2000, all types of rural ESV showed a trend of decline. From 2000 to 2016, all ESV except for water conservation continued to decrease. (2) In the first stage, areas with large losses in rural ESV were mainly concentrated in southerly, southwesterly, and southeasterly directions. In the second stage, only the northerly and northwesterly directions had increased, whereas all other directions had decreased by varying extents. (3) During the stage of township industrialization, ESV were significantly affected by land use changes in rural areas. During the stage of rapid urbanization, urban expansion had a greater impact on rural ESV. Further studies reveal that rural ecosystem service changes are also influenced by deeper factors, with land use change and excessive nutrient loading as direct drivers significantly affecting rural ecosystem service change processes, and economic development and population growth as indirect drivers changing the spatial distribution of ecosystem services by affecting land use patterns and ecosystem quality. In conclusion, we combined geographical spatial analysis with ecological thinking to provide support for the maintenance of rural ESV and sustainable development.

农村具有非常重要的生态服务功能。本研究基于农村地区的物理地理范围，调查了农村地区生态系统服务价值 (ESV) 的演变。采用重置值法、影子价格法、降水存量法、遥感定量测量和卡内基-艾姆斯-斯坦福方法（CASA）模型计算分析ESV（养分循环、维持大气平衡、有机物生产、 1985-2016 年南京农村地区节水率）。结果表明：（1）1985-2000 年，各类农村 ESV 均呈下降趋势。从 2000 年到 2016 年，除节水外的所有 ESV 均继续下降。(2) 在第一阶段，农村ESV损失较大的地区主要集中在南风、西南风和东南风方向。第二阶段，只有北风和西北风方向有所增加，其他方向均有不同程度的减少。(3)在乡镇工业化阶段，ESV受农村土地利用变化影响显着。在快速城市化阶段，城市扩张对农村ESV的影响更大。进一步研究表明，农村生态系统服务变化还受到更深层次因素的影响，土地利用变化和养分过度负荷作为直接驱动因素显着影响农村生态系统服务变化过程，经济发展和人口增长作为间接驱动因素，通过影响土地利用模式和生态系统质量来改变生态系统服务的空间分布。总之，我们将地理空间分析与生态思维相结合，为农村ESV的维护和可持续发展提供支持。