Natural disaster-prone locations can experience widespread power outages when the disasters cause large-scale damage to the existing power grid. Such damages can hinder a utility company’s ability to provide power to essential public resources (e.g., hospitals, grocery stores, fire, police and gas stations) of the utility’s serviced area. Backup generators, which provide power to these essential public resources during the outage, have limited capacities and can suffer from such failures as well. Microgrids, defined as localized power grids that can operate independent of the main grid, can help utilities provide disaster relief power supply to the essential public resources to improve their resiliency during the outage. This research investigates a multi-source capacitated facility location coverage problem (MS-CFLCP) that models a utility-owned microgrid that is operating independent of the main grid due to a large-scale main grid disturbance. The developed MS-CFLCP optimizes the location, sizing, assignment and the number of distributed generators (DGs) within the utility-owned microgrid, and aims to minimize the following total costs of the microgrid: (1) investment costs; (2) operation and maintenance costs; (3) distance traveled for power supply costs; (4) the unmet demand penalty costs; and (5) excess DG penetration penalty costs. The MS-CFLCP is solved with two-stage stochastic programming while considering the uncertainty in DG power output and essential resource demand. A budget constraint is included to capture practical financial considerations of the utility company when establishing the microgrid. We apply the model to a case study, using solar/photovoltaic-based DGs, to show its effectiveness and benefit to utilities.

当自然灾害对现有电网造成大规模破坏时，自然灾害易发地区可能会出现大面积停电。此类损坏会阻碍公用事业公司向公用事业服务区域的基本公共资源（例如，医院、杂货店、消防、警察和加油站）供电的能力。在停电期间为这些重要公共资源提供电力的备用发电机容量有限，也可能遭受此类故障。微电网，定义为可以独立于主电网运行的局部电网，可以帮助公用事业公司为关键公共资源提供救灾电力供应，以提高其在停电期间的恢复能力。本研究调查了多源容性设施位置覆盖问题 (MS-CFLCP)，该问题对公用事业拥有的微电网进行建模，该微电网由于大规模主电网干扰而独立于主电网运行。开发的 MS-CFLCP 优化了公用事业拥有的微电网内分布式发电机 (DG) 的位置、规模、分配和数量，旨在最小化微电网的以下总成本：(1) 投资成本；（二）运行维护费用；(3)供电费用行驶距离；(4) 未满足需求的惩罚成本；(5) 超额 DG 渗透惩罚成本。MS-CFLCP 采用两阶段随机规划求解，同时考虑 DG 功率输出和基本资源需求的不确定性。包括预算约束以在建立微电网时考虑公用事业公司的实际财务考虑。我们将该模型应用于案例研究，使用基于太阳能/光伏的 DG，以展示其有效性和对公用事业的益处。