Abstract

The results of experimental studies of a nondestructive testing method for assessing the loading of bearing rings on an axle journal using the acoustoelasticity effect based on measuring the characteristics of elastic surface waves are presented. Reference blocks for loading with a difference in pilot diameters in the range from 38 to 119 \(\mu {\text{m}}\) with an error of no more than 7 µm have been developed and manufactured. A hydraulic testing bench for mechanical loading of bearing rings simulating their press fitting on an axle with loading of up to 46 microns was certified. The acoustoelastic coefficients \(\alpha = (5.48 \pm 0.14)\) \({\text{TP}}{{{\text{a}}}^{{-1}}}\) were experimentally determined for surface waves in steel ShKh15 based on the delay in the time of recording pulses that repeatedly (2–5 times) circled the ring. The correlation method is optimized for determining the delay time of a wave in a loaded ring relative to an unloaded one according to the condition of minimizing the uncertainty associated with a change in the pulse shape. The main reasons for errors and uncertainties in measuring the absolute time of propagation of a surface wave are established: the effect of waves reflected from the boundaries, surface curvature, and attenuation. The bearing rings loading was measured on loading reference blocks using the acoustoelasticity effect, and the estimation of the stress measurement uncertainty was made.

中文翻译：

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使用声弹性效应测试带有表面波的轴承套圈的载荷

摘要

介绍了基于测量弹性表面波特性的声弹性效应评估轴颈上轴承套圈载荷的无损检测方法的实验研究结果。已经开发和制造了用于加载的参考块，其引导直径差异在 38 到 119 \(\mu {\text{m}}\) 范围内，误差不超过 7 µm。一个用于轴承套圈机械加载的液压测试台通过了认证，该平台模拟了轴承套圈在轴上的压配合，载荷高达 46 微米。声弹性系数\(\alpha = (5.48 \pm 0.14)\) \({\text{TP}}{{{\text{a}}}^{{-1}}}\)基于重复（2-5 次）环绕环的记录脉冲的时间延迟，对钢 ShKh15 中的表面波进行了实验确定。根据最小化与脉冲形状变化相关的不确定性的条件，相关方法被优化用于确定负载环中的波相对于无负载环的延迟时间。确定了测量表面波绝对传播时间的误差和不确定性的主要原因：从边界反射的波的影响、表面曲率和衰减。利用声弹性效应在载荷参考块上测量轴承套圈载荷，并对应力测量不确定度进行估计。