The emergence of new IoT applications in regional and remote areas has increased the need for a global IoT connectivity beyond existing terrestrial network coverage. However, in many cases, it is not economically viable to build a dedicated terrestrial network to cover these remote areas due to population sparsity and the lack of business case. In this paper, we propose a framework for designing a solar rectenna for IoT-over-satellite applications using nanosatellites. Utilizing such a framework will allow valuable radio spectrum resources to be shared between satellite and terrestrial users. Thus, the autonomous power supply of these objects becomes a big challenge. Indeed, the harvest of solar energy and the conversion of RF energy into electric voltage are a hot topic. Our contribution consists in offering a solar rectenna system to collect solar and RF energy as well as the radio frequency transmission. A parametric study is carried out to follow the influence on the performance of this system. A topology of rectifying circuits is proposed in the present work. The parametric study has shown that the efficiency RF/DC conversion can reach 23.2% for an input power of 5 dBm and a load resistance of 2 k. To ensure the satellite communication of IoT-connected autonomous objects, this system is operated in the X or Ku band.

中文翻译：

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用于卫星物联网 (IoT) 应用的自适应 Ku 波段太阳能整流器

区域和偏远地区新物联网应用的出现增加了对超出现有地面网络覆盖范围的全球物联网连接的需求。然而，在许多情况下，由于人口稀少和缺乏商业案例，建立一个专门的地面网络来覆盖这些偏远地区在经济上是不可行的。在本文中，我们提出了一个框架，用于使用纳米卫星为物联网卫星应用设计太阳能整流天线。利用这样的框架将允许在卫星和地面用户之间共享宝贵的无线电频谱资源。因此，这些物体的自主供电成为一个很大的挑战。事实上，太阳能的收集和射频能量转化为电压是一个热门话题。我们的贡献在于提供太阳能整流天线系统来收集太阳能和射频能量以及射频传输。进行参数研究以跟踪对该系统性能的影响。在目前的工作中提出了整流电路的拓扑结构。参数研究表明，对于5 dBm的输入功率和2 k的负载电阻，RF/DC转换效率可以达到23.2%. 为确保物联网连接的自主物体的卫星通信，该系统在 X 或 Ku 频段运行。