As societies seek to transition towards a sustainable economy, new conflicts may arise from additional competing demands placed on limited resources and space. Using a perceptional approach, we show that such structural-functional conflicts are primarily perceived when other sectors' demands encroach on traditional use of forest resources or space. Moreover, using experts' assessment of stakeholder preferences, we also demonstrate that traditional forest actors have a pronounced preference for soft instruments. At the interface between sustainable sectors, however, regulatory instruments remain well accepted. These findings indicate that forest stakeholders seek to ward off other sectors' demands on the forest. The results are central in understanding where new conflicts are expected and how forest stakeholders seek to protect the forest from new demands, especially in the context of an ever-increasing competition over land use. This finding emphasises the importance of understanding competing cross-sectoral demands on a resource, even when all economic activity is in pursuit of the same overall goal, namely sustainability. Demonstrating the effect of encroaching sectors on policy instrument preference, we link the policy integration literature, which considers cross-sectoral politics, to the policy instrument literature.

随着社会寻求向可持续经济转型，对有限资源和空间的额外竞争需求可能会引发新的冲突。使用感知方法，我们表明当其他部门的需求侵犯了森林资源或空间的传统使用时，这种结构-功能冲突主要被感知。此外，使用专家对利益相关者偏好的评估，我们还表明传统森林参与者对软工具有明显的偏好。然而，在可持续部门之间的界面上，监管工具仍然被广泛接受。这些发现表明，森林利益相关者试图阻止其他部门对森林的需求。研究结果对于理解预计会出现新冲突以及森林利益相关者如何寻求保护森林免受新需求的影响至关重要，尤其是在土地使用竞争日益激烈的背景下。这一发现强调了理解对资源的跨部门竞争需求的重要性，即使所有经济活动都在追求相同的总体目标，即可持续性。为了证明侵蚀部门对政策工具偏好的影响，我们将考虑跨部门政治的政策整合文献与政策工具文献联系起来。即使所有经济活动都在追求相同的总体目标，即可持续性。为了证明侵蚀部门对政策工具偏好的影响，我们将考虑跨部门政治的政策整合文献与政策工具文献联系起来。即使所有经济活动都在追求相同的总体目标，即可持续性。为了证明侵蚀部门对政策工具偏好的影响，我们将考虑跨部门政治的政策整合文献与政策工具文献联系起来。