Children are increasingly using their own smartphones for communicative and non-communicative purposes. In fact, studies showed that different ways of using the smartphone might influence loneliness, and as a consequence, loneliness might also enhance further engagement with the smartphone. In this context, parents play an important role because they can regulate children’s smartphone use. The present study tested the moderating role of active and restrictive parental mediation on the relations between different types of smartphone use and children’s loneliness. We conducted a two-wave panel survey among 10- to 14-year-old children and their parents, resulting in total of 384 parent–child pairs at Time 2. Our results revealed that non-communicative use at Time 1 increased loneliness at Time 2. We also found a reciprocal influence, that is, loneliness at Time 1 increased children’s non-communicative use at Time 2. We found no moderating influence of active and restrictive parental mediation on the relations between children’s smartphone use and loneliness. Our findings are discussed against the background of the poor-get-poorer effect regarding smartphone use.

儿童越来越多地将自己的智能手机用于交流和非交流目的。事实上，研究表明，使用智能手机的不同方式可能会影响孤独感，因此，孤独感也可能会增强与智能手机的进一步互动。在这种情况下，父母可以发挥重要作用，因为他们可以规范孩子的智能手机使用。本研究测试了积极和限制性父母调解对不同类型智能手机使用与儿童孤独感之间关系的调节作用。我们对 10 至 14 岁的儿童及其父母进行了两波小组调查，结果在时间 2 时共有 384 对亲子对。我们的结果显示，时间 1 的非交流使用增加了时间的孤独感2. 我们还发现了一个相互影响，即 时间 1 的孤独增加了儿童在时间 2 的非交流使用。我们发现积极和限制性的父母调解对儿童使用智能手机与孤独之间的关系没有调节作用。我们的研究结果是在智能手机使用的穷人变穷效应的背景下进行讨论的。