Excess dietary lipids may be stored as lipid droplets in liver hepatocytes where they cannot be transported from the cells. Yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi, Valenciennes) are cultured using formulated feeds, putting them at risk of fatty livers. This study investigated the effect of restricted feeding (apparent satiation [100%] vs. apparent sub-satiation [80%]) and three different dietary energy levels (Diet 1 [19.0 MJ kg⁻¹ gross energy], Diet 2 [20.2 MJ kg⁻¹ gross energy] and Diet 3 [18.4 MJ kg⁻¹ gross energy]) on liver structure and function of sub-adult Yellowtail kingfish (1.87 ± 0.01, mean kg ±SE) over 84 days. Fish fed to 100% satiation had significantly (p < 0.05) greater weight gain than fish fed to 80% satiation. Both hepatosomatic index (HSI; %) and vacuolization levels of liver hepatocytes were unaffected by restricted feeding, but significantly (p = 0.016 and p = 0.039, respectively) increased with an increase in dietary energy. Fish fed high-energy diets showed extensive large hepatocyte vacuolization. Despite these adverse changes, results reported elsewhere showed that increased dietary energy level improved the overall growth performance and feed utilization of sub-adult Yellowtail kingfish compared with fish fed lower energy/lipid diets. Therefore, high-energy diets have the potential to be used in the production of Yellowtail kingfish.

中文翻译：

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在夏季水温下，限制摄食和饮食能量水平会影响养殖黄尾鰤鱼（Seriola lalandi，Valenciennes）的肝脏结构

过量的膳食脂质可能以脂滴的形式储存在肝细胞中，在那里它们不能从细胞中运输出来。黄尾鰤王鱼（Seriola lalandi、Valenciennes）使用配合饲料进行养殖，这使它们面临患脂肪肝的风险。本研究调查了限制喂养（表观饱足 [100%] 与表观亚饱足 [80%]）和三种不同膳食能量水平（饮食 1 [19.0 MJ kg ^-1总能量]、饮食 2 [20.2 MJ] kg ^-1总能量]和饮食 3 [18.4 MJ kg ^-1总能量]) 对亚成年黄尾鰤鱼 (1.87 ± 0.01, 平均 kg ± SE) 84 天的肝脏结构和功能的影响。喂食至 100% 饱腹感的鱼有显着 ( p < 0.05) 比喂食至 80% 饱食度的鱼体重增加更多。肝体指数 (HSI; %) 和肝脏肝细胞的空泡化水平不受限制喂养的影响，但显着（分别为p  = 0.016 和p  = 0.039）随着膳食能量的增加而增加。喂食高能量饮食的鱼表现出广泛的大肝细胞空泡化。尽管有这些不利的变化，其他地方报道的结果表明，与饲喂低能量/脂质日粮的鱼相比，增加日粮能量水平提高了亚成体黄尾鰤鱼的整体生长性能和饲料利用率。因此，高能量日粮有可能用于黄尾鰤鱼的生产。