To achieve the European climate targets and the Paris Agreements, at least 65% of the electricity needs to be generated from renewable energy sources by 2030. This requires a significant increase of distributed energy resources, posing a challenge for distribution system operators to integrate them into existing hierarchical grids. The concept of Local Flexibility Markets has recently gained attention as a market-based tool to tackle this challenge, making use of demand side flexibility. In this paper a Delphi method has been performed, showing that there are still numerous barriers in place preventing a widespread adoption of such markets in Europe. The main obstacles for market participants refer to standardisation issues. Based on that, a hybrid market model has been developed, comprising elements of a Local Flexibility Market and a Local Energy Market. To activate demand side flexibility from local energy transactions, spatio-temporally varying price signals are introduced, reflecting the constraints of the distribution grid. The paper shows, that this novel market approach helps to overcome relevant standardisation issues, but also certain barriers regarding end-users’ lifestyles, which is because prices are comprehensible signals that can motivate end-users to participate. Moreover, a set of numerical examples is provided to illustrate the monetary benefits that could be gained by consumers and prosumers in the proposed hybrid market model. The examples show that the major share of the cost savings result from local energy trading, but the hybrid market model is also able to accumulate additional smaller revenues from providing flexibility. Finally, the systematic approach of characterising the market model in this paper offers a valuable framework for other researchers to map their ideas among existing approaches of Local Energy and Flexibility Markets.

为了实现欧洲气候目标和巴黎协定，到 2030 年，至少 65% 的电力需要由可再生能源产生。这需要大量增加分布式能源，这对配电系统运营商将它们整合到现有的分层网格。本地灵活性市场的概念最近作为利用需求侧灵活性来应对这一挑战的基于市场的工具而受到关注。在本文中，德尔菲方法已被执行，表明仍然存在许多阻碍欧洲此类市场广泛采用的障碍。市场参与者面临的主要障碍是标准化问题。在此基础上，开发了混合市场模型，包括本地弹性市场和本地能源市场的元素。为了从本地能源交易中激活需求侧的灵活性，引入了时空变化的价格信号，反映了配电网的限制。论文表明，这种新颖的市场方法有助于克服相关的标准化问题，但也有助于克服终端用户生活方式的某些障碍，这是因为价格是可以激励终端用户参与的可理解信号。此外，还提供了一组数值示例，以说明消费者和产消者在提议的混合市场模型中可以获得的货币收益。这些例子表明，成本节约的主要部分来自本地能源交易，但混合市场模型也能够通过提供灵活性来积累额外的较小收入。最后，本文中描述市场模型的系统方法为其他研究人员提供了一个有价值的框架，可以将他们的想法映射到本地能源和灵活性市场的现有方法中。