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Detection and Prediction of Sundarban Reserve Forest using the CA-Markov Chain Model and Remote Sensing Data
Earth Science Informatics ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s12145-021-00648-9
Krishan Kundu 1 , Prasun Halder 2 , Jyotsna Kumar Mandal 3
Affiliation  

The present paper highlights the classification, change detection and future prediction of Sundarban reserve forest using multi-spectral satellite data over last 43 years (1975–2018). The remote sensing data are classified using back-propagation neural network algorithm which are healthy vegetation, unhealthy vegetation, wet land, and water bodies. The classification result demonstrates that the net forest areas were gradually declined by around 6.83% during 1975–2018, while it was not uniform over the whole period. Besides the other features also correspondingly changes. The change detection results revealed that some of the forest areas were converted into wet land and part of the wet land also flooded by water bodies due to rising sea level. To validate the forest cover classification on the images, the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient were used. The resulting overall accuracy were 91.8%, 94.1%, 87.5%, 88.1% and 90.1% and Kappa coefficients were 0.8903, 0.9201, 0.8292, 0.8413 and 0.8680 for 1975, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2018 respectively. Future predictions were obtained through CA-Markov Chain model which is based on the probabilistic modeling methods. The CA–Markov model shows that constant changes in forest cover. Changes in the extent of forest cover of the study area were further projected until 2034, representing that the area of net forest will be continuously reduced to 12.89%. The outcomes of this study may be offer quantitative information, which signify the base for measurement of forest ecosystem and for taking actions to reduce their degradation.



中文翻译:

使用 CA-Markov 链模型和遥感数据检测和预测 Sundarban 保护区森林

本文使用过去 43 年(1975-2018 年)的多光谱卫星数据重点介绍了 Sundarban 保护区森林的分类、变化检测和未来预测。遥感数据采用反向传播神经网络算法分类为健康植被、不健康植被、湿地和水体。分类结果表明,1975-2018年间,森林净面积逐渐减少了6.83%左右,但整个时期并不一致。除此之外其他功能也相应变化。变化检测结果显示,由于海平面上升,部分林区转变为湿地,部分湿地也被水体淹没。为了验证图像上的森林覆盖分类,使用了整体精度和 Kappa 系数。得到的总体准确度分别为 91.8%、94.1%、87.5%、88.1% 和 90.1%,1975、201008 和 201008 的 Kappa 系数分别为 0.8903、0.9201、0.8292、0.8413 和 0.8680。未来的预测是通过基于概率建模方法的 CA-马尔可夫链模型获得的。CA-Markov 模型显示森林覆盖率不断变化。研究区森林覆盖范围的变化进一步预测到2034年,代表净森林面积将持续减少到12.89%。这项研究的结果可能是提供定量信息,这标志着衡量森林生态系统和采取行动减少其退化的基础。1975、1990、2000、2010和2018年的1%和Kappa系数分别为0.8903、0.9201、0.8292、0.8413和0.8680。未来的预测是通过基于概率建模方法的 CA-马尔可夫链模型获得的。CA-Markov 模型显示森林覆盖率不断变化。研究区森林覆盖范围的变化进一步预测到2034年,代表净森林面积将持续减少到12.89%。这项研究的结果可能是提供定量信息,这标志着衡量森林生态系统和采取行动减少其退化的基础。1% 和 Kappa 系数在 1975、1990、2000、2010 和 2018 年分别为 0.8903、0.9201、0.8292、0.8413 和 0.8680。未来的预测是通过基于概率建模方法的 CA-马尔可夫链模型获得的。CA-Markov 模型显示森林覆盖率不断变化。研究区森林覆盖范围的变化进一步预测到2034年,代表净森林面积将持续减少到12.89%。这项研究的结果可能是提供定量信息,这标志着衡量森林生态系统和采取行动减少其退化的基础。未来的预测是通过基于概率建模方法的 CA-马尔可夫链模型获得的。CA-Markov 模型显示森林覆盖率不断变化。研究区森林覆盖范围的变化进一步预测到2034年,代表净森林面积将持续减少到12.89%。这项研究的结果可能是提供定量信息,这标志着衡量森林生态系统和采取行动减少其退化的基础。未来的预测是通过基于概率建模方法的 CA-马尔可夫链模型获得的。CA-Markov 模型显示森林覆盖率不断变化。研究区森林覆盖范围的变化进一步预测到2034年,代表净森林面积将持续减少到12.89%。这项研究的结果可能是提供定量信息,这标志着衡量森林生态系统和采取行动减少其退化的基础。

更新日期:2021-07-18
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