Pulse wave velocity, a common metric of arterial stiffness, is an established predictor for cardiovascular events and mortality. However, its intrinsic pressure-dependency complicates the discrimination of acute and chronic impacts of increased blood pressure on arterial stiffness. Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) represented a significant step towards the development of a pressure-independent arterial stiffness metric. However, some potential limitations of CAVI might render this arterial stiffness metric less pressure-independent than originally thought. For this reason, we later introduced CAVI0. Nevertheless, advantages of one approach over the other are left debated. This review aims to shed light on the pressure (in)dependency of both CAVI and CAVI0. By critically reviewing results from studies reporting both CAVI and CAVI0 and using simple analytical methods, we show that CAVI0 may enhance the pressure-independent assessment of arterial stiffness, especially in the presence of large inter-individual differences in blood pressure.

中文翻译：

---

心踝血管指数 (CAVI) 和 CAVI0 的五年：我们离压力无关的动脉僵硬度指数有多远？

脉搏波速度是动脉僵硬度的常用指标，是心血管事件和死亡率的既定预测指标。然而，其内在的压力依赖性使得区分血压升高对动脉僵硬度的急性和慢性影响变得复杂。心踝血管指数（CAVI）代表了开发与压力无关的动脉硬度指标的重要一步。然而，CAVI 的一些潜在局限性可能会导致该动脉僵硬度指标对压力的依赖性不如最初想象的那么大。为此，我们后来推出了CAVI0。然而，一种方法相对于另一种方法的优点仍存在争议。本次审查旨在阐明 CAVI 和 CAVI0 的压力（独立）依赖性。通过严格审查报告 CAVI 和 CAVI0 的研究结果并使用简单的分析方法，我们表明 CAVI0 可以增强动脉僵硬度的压力无关评估，特别是在个体间血压存在较大差异的情况下。