Objective

The association between the morphological characteristics and survival outcome of lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces (LCCAs) is unclear due to rarity of this disease. The current study attempted to compare the survival outcome between LCCAs and non-LCCAs and investigate the correlation between imaging features and prognosis of LCCA.

Method

Of 10,835 patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) between January 2015 and December 2016, 123 patients with LCCA were included. The non-LCCA group comprised 3136 patients with primary solitary adenocarcinoma or squamous cell lung cancer. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed for age, sex, tumor size, tumor stage, and lymph node involvement in a 1:1 ratio between the LCCAs and non-LCCAs, and the correlation between radiological features and recurrence-free survival (RFS) was analyzed.

Result

The computed tomography (CT) lesion size was found to be higher in all LCCA subtypes, particularly in Type III (a cystic airspace with a mural nodule) and Type IV (mixed) LCCAs (3.09 and 3.65 cm, respectively), than in non-LCCAs (2 cm) after PSM. Three-year RFS in the LCCA group was higher than in the non-LCCA group (Type I- IV LCCAs: 100%, 84%, 77% and 83%, respectively vs. non-LCCAs: 77%). However, statistically significant difference was only found in comparison between LCCA Type I (thin-walled) and non-LCCA groups (P = 0.026). Type III lung cancer exhibited the worst survival among all four LCCA subtypes.

Conclusions

The CT lesion size and pathologic tumor size varied significantly across LCCAs. Type I LCCAs exhibited better survival than non-LCCAs, whereas Type III LCCAs exhibited the worst survival rate among the four LCCA subtypes.

中文翻译：

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与囊性空腔相关的肺癌预后：倾向评分匹配分析

客观的

由于这种疾病的罕见性，与囊性空腔 (LCCA) 相关的肺癌的形态学特征与生存结果之间的关联尚不清楚。目前的研究试图比较 LCCAs 和非 LCCAs 的生存结果，并研究影像学特征与 LCCA 预后的相关性。

方法

在 2015 年 1 月至 2016 年 12 月期间诊断为非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC) 的 10,835 名患者中，包括 123 名 LCCA 患者。非 LCCA 组包括 3136 名原发性孤立性腺癌或鳞状细胞肺癌患者。对年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、肿瘤分期和淋巴结受累进行倾向评分匹配 (PSM)，LCCA 和非 LCCA 的比例为 1:1，放射学特征与无复发生存 (RFS) 之间的相关性) 进行了分析。

结果

发现所有 LCCA 亚型的计算机断层扫描 (CT) 病灶大小都高于非- PSM 后的 LCCA (2 cm)。LCCA 组的三年 RFS 高于非 LCCA 组（I-IV 型 LCCA：分别为 100%、84%、77% 和 83%，而非 LCCA：77%）。然而，仅在 LCCA I 型（薄壁）和非 LCCA 组之间的比较中发现统计学上的显着差异（P  = 0.026）。在所有四种 LCCA 亚型中，III 型肺癌的存活率最差。

结论

CT 病灶大小和病理肿瘤大小在 LCCA 中存在显着差异。I 型 LCCA 的存活率高于非 LCCA，而 III 型 LCCA 的存活率在四种 LCCA 亚型中最差。