How readily do potential migrants respond to increased returns to migration? Even if origin areas become less attractive vis-a-vis migration destinations, fixed costs can prevent increased migration. We examine migration responses to hurricanes, which reduce the attractiveness of origin locations. Restricted-access U.S. Census data allows precise migration measures and analysis of more migrant-origin countries. Hurricanes increase U.S. immigration, with the effect increasing in the size of prior migrant stocks. Large migrant networks reduce fixed costs by facilitating legal immigration from hurricane-affected source countries. Hurricane-induced immigration can be fully accounted for by new legal permanent residents (“green card” holders).

中文翻译：

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遭遇风暴：飓风、移民网络和美国移民


潜在移民对移民回报增加的反应有多容易？即使原籍地相对于移民目的地的吸引力降低，固定成本也可以阻止移民增加。我们研究了移民对飓风的反应，飓风降低了原籍地的吸引力。访问受限的美国人口普查数据可以对更多移民来源国进行精确的移民测量和分析。飓风增加了美国的移民数量，从而增加了先前移民存量的规模。大型移民网络通过促进受飓风影响的来源国的合法移民来降低固定成本。飓风引发的移民可以完全由新的合法永久居民（“绿卡”持有者）承担。