Vast organ shortages motivated recent efforts to increase the supply of transplantable organs, but we know little about the demand side of the market. We test the implications of a model of organ demand using the universe of US transplant data from 1987 to 2013. Exploiting variation in supply induced by state-level motorcycle helmet laws, we demonstrate that each organ that becomes available from a deceased donor in a particular region induces five transplant candidates to join that region's transplant wait list, while crowding out living-donor transplants. Even with the corresponding demand increase, positive supply shocks increase post-transplant survival rates.

中文翻译：

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分配稀缺器官：供应变化如何影响移植等待名单和移植接受者

巨大的器官短缺促使最近努力增加可移植器官的供应，但我们对市场的需求方知之甚少。我们使用 1987 年至 2013 年美国移植数据的整体来测试器官需求模型的含义。利用由州级摩托车头盔法律引起的供应变化，我们证明了从已故捐赠者那里获得的每个器官在特定的地区导致五名移植候选者加入该地区的移植等待名单，同时排挤活体供体移植。即使相应的需求增加，积极的供应冲击也会提高移植后的存活率。