Especially for the potential use as sensors, but also in all other applications in which an interaction with the environment occurs, nanofibrous materials are advantageous due to their large specific surface area. An interesting material for electrospinning is the semiconductor zinc oxide (ZnO) which is often used in photoelectric or sensory applications. Nanofibers containing ZnO can be produced, for example, by electrospinning polyvinylpyrrolidone/zinc nitrate from a dimethylformamide/ethanol solution, followed by calcination to remove the organic phase. Alternatively, the polymer/semiconductor blended nanofibers can be used which are often less brittle, but on the other hand offer less contact between ZnO and the environment. Finally, decorating a nanofiber mat with ZnO offers another possibility to prepare nanofibers with ZnO surface. Possible applications of electrospun ZnO nanofibers or nanofiber mats include gas sensing, microwave absorption, photocatalytic degradation or enhancement of supercapacitor electrodes. This short review gives an overview of the most recent electrospinning and after-treatment techniques to create pure and blended ZnO nanofibers and presents the broad variety of possible applications of this well-known semiconductor with some still surprising properties.

中文翻译：

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电纺氧化锌纳米纤维的最新进展：简短回顾

特别是对于作为传感器的潜在用途，以及在与环境发生相互作用的所有其他应用中，纳米纤维材料由于其大的比表面积而具有优势。一种有趣的静电纺丝材料是半导体氧化锌 (ZnO)，它经常用于光电或传感应用。例如，可以通过从二甲基甲酰胺/乙醇溶液中静电纺丝聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/硝酸锌，然后煅烧以去除有机相来生产含有 ZnO 的纳米纤维。或者，可以使用聚合物/半导体混合纳米纤维，它们通常不易碎，但另一方面，ZnO 与环境之间的接触较少。最后，用 ZnO 装饰纳米纤维垫为制备具有 ZnO 表面的纳米纤维提供了另一种可能性。电纺 ZnO 纳米纤维或纳米纤维垫的可能应用包括气体传感、微波吸收、光催化降解或超级电容器电极的增强。这篇简短的评论概述了最新的静电纺丝和后处理技术，以创建纯和混合的 ZnO 纳米纤维，并展示了这种众所周知的半导体的各种可能应用，并具有一些仍然令人惊讶的特性。