In The Crisis of the European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology, Husserl argues that the only way to respond to the scientific Krisis of which he speaks is with phenomenological reflections on the history, method, and task of philosophy. On the assumption that an accurate diagnosis of a malady is a necessary condition for an effective remedy, this paper aims to formulate a precise concept of the Krisis of the European sciences with which Husserl operates in this work. Thus it seeks an answer to the question: What exactly, according to Husserl, is “the ‘crisis’ [Krisis] of the European sciences”? There are two different tendencies in the literature on this question. According to the traditional interpretation, the Krisis of the European sciences lies not in the inadequacy of their scientificity but in the loss of their meaningfulness for life. According to an innovative suggestion, the Krisis lies not in the loss of their meaningfulness for life but in the inadequacy of their scientificity. These readings are mutually exclusive because each claims that the other misidentifies the Krisis as something that it is not. The argument of this paper, however, is that, given the many different senses of Krisis in The Crisis, an adequate understanding of the Krisis that Husserl identifies requires not a disjunctive but an inclusive approach. Therefore the paper proposes that Husserl’s Krisis of the European sciences is both a crisis of their scientificity and a crisis of their meaningfulness for life. The relevance of this result to Husserl’s philosophical and historical sense-investigations in The Crisis—as well as to the present critical situation of philosophy—is self-evident.

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胡塞尔《欧洲科学与先验现象学的危机》中的危机概念

在《欧洲科学危机和先验现象学》中，胡塞尔认为，应对他所说的科学危机的唯一方法是对哲学的历史、方法和任务进行现象学反思。基于对疾病的准确诊断是有效治疗的必要条件这一假设，本文旨在为胡塞尔在这项工作中运用的欧洲科学危机制定一个精确的概念。因此，它寻求对这个问题的回答：在胡塞尔看来，“欧洲科学的‘危机’[Krisis]”究竟是什么？关于这个问题，文献中有两种不同的倾向。按照传统的解释，欧洲科学的危机不在于科学性不足，而在于失去了对生命的意义。根据一项创新性的建议，危机不在于失去对生命的意义，而在于其科学性的不足。这些解读是相互排斥的，因为每个人都声称对方错误地将危机识别为并非如此的东西。然而，本文的论点是，鉴于《危机》中对危机的多种不同含义，对胡塞尔所确定的危机的充分理解需要的不是一种分离的方法，而是一种包容性的方法。因此本文认为胡塞尔的欧洲科学危机既是科学性危机，也是生命意义危机。