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Toward a mechanistic account of gender differences in reward-based decision-making.
Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2016-01-01 , DOI: 10.1037/npe0000059
Kaileigh A. Byrne , Darrell A. Worthy

Gender differences in reward-based decision-making have been extensively researched, yet the mechanisms underlying these differences remain poorly understood. We sought to develop a mechanistic account of how men and women differ in their decisionmaking strategies. We examined gender differences in performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT; Experiment 1) as well as the Soochow Gambling Task (SGT; Experiment 2). Expectancy valence and prospect valence learning computational models were fit to the data for both tasks to assess specific strategies that men and women utilized during the decision-making process. Our results replicated the behavioral gender difference finding on the IGT. Women selected the disadvantageous Deck B more than did men. We extended these findings to the SGT. Modeling results revealed that women’s data were best fit by higher recency, or learning rate, parameter values than were men’s data in the IGT and SGT. This suggests that women gave greater weight to recent events than did men and that they tended to ignore large, infrequent losses in both experiments. Overall, our results suggest that the mechanism accounting for how men and women differ in reward-based decision-making is that women tend to focus on the relative frequency of gains and losses and attend to recent reward outcomes, whereas men focus more on the extreme gains and losses associated with each alternative and attend to long-term decision outcomes. Implications for these gender differences in reward-based decision-making strategies are discussed.

中文翻译:

对基于奖励的决策中性别差异的机械解释。

基于奖励的决策中的性别差异已被广泛研究,但这些差异背后的机制仍然知之甚少。我们试图对男性和女性在决策策略上的差异进行机械解释。我们检查了爱荷华赌博任务(IGT;实验 1)和东吴赌博任务(SGT;实验 2)的性别差异。预期效价和前景效价学习计算模型适用于这两项任务的数据,以评估男性和女性在决策过程中使用的特定策略。我们的结果复制了 IGT 上的行为性别差异发现。女性比男性更多地选择不利的甲板 B。我们将这些发现扩展到 SGT。建模结果显示,在 IGT 和 SGT 中,与男性数据相比,女性数据最适合更高的新近度或学习率参数值。这表明女性比男性更重视最近发生的事件,而且她们在这两个实验中倾向于忽略大量的、罕见的损失。总体而言,我们的结果表明,男性和女性在基于奖励的决策中存在差异的机制是女性倾向于关注收益和损失的相对频率并关注最近的奖励结果,而男性则更关注极端与每个替代方案相关的收益和损失,并关注长期决策结果。讨论了基于奖励的决策策略中这些性别差异的影响。这表明女性比男性更重视最近发生的事件,而且她们在这两个实验中倾向于忽略大量的、罕见的损失。总体而言,我们的结果表明,男性和女性在基于奖励的决策中存在差异的机制是女性倾向于关注收益和损失的相对频率并关注最近的奖励结果,而男性则更关注极端与每个替代方案相关的收益和损失,并关注长期决策结果。讨论了基于奖励的决策策略中这些性别差异的影响。这表明女性比男性更重视最近发生的事件,并且她们倾向于忽略在这两个实验中的大而罕见的损失。总体而言,我们的结果表明,男性和女性在基于奖励的决策中存在差异的机制是女性倾向于关注收益和损失的相对频率并关注最近的奖励结果,而男性则更关注极端与每个替代方案相关的收益和损失,并关注长期决策结果。讨论了基于奖励的决策策略中这些性别差异的影响。我们的结果表明,解释男性和女性在基于奖励的决策中有何不同的机制是女性倾向于关注收益和损失的相对频率并关注最近的奖励结果,而男性更关注极端收益和与每个选择相关的损失,并关注长期决策结果。讨论了基于奖励的决策策略中这些性别差异的影响。我们的结果表明,解释男性和女性在基于奖励的决策中有何不同的机制是女性倾向于关注收益和损失的相对频率并关注最近的奖励结果,而男性更关注极端收益和与每个选择相关的损失,并关注长期决策结果。讨论了基于奖励的决策策略中这些性别差异的影响。
更新日期:2016-01-01
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