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On the Nature of the Impactor That Formed the Shackleton Crater on the Moon
Earth, Moon, and Planets ( IF 0.7 ) Pub Date : 2016-06-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s11038-016-9489-y
Svetlana G. Pugacheva , Ekaterina A. Feoktistova , Vladislav V. Shevchenko

The present paper attempts to assess the characteristics of the impactor that formed the Shackleton crater, located at the south pole of the Moon. The crater’s morphometric parameters were analyzed based on the data of the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Conclusions were drawn regarding the possible range of the impact angle and the parameters of the transient crater, such as depth and volume. The thickness of ejecta deposits on the transient crater rim and the volume of these deposits at a certain distance from the crater rim were assessed. These assessments enabled determining the type and characteristics of impactors (velocity, density, size, and impact angle) that could have formed the Shackleton crater. It was shown that the Shackleton crater could have been formed by an impact of a low-velocity (3 km/s) comets with diameter 4–4.5 km, chondrite or achondrite with a diameter of 2 km at a 45°–50° angle, whose velocity did not exceed 6 km/s, as well as stony–iron or iron–nickel impactors with a 1–2 km diameter for stony–iron asteroids and 1–1.5 km for iron–nickel asteroids. The impact velocity of stony–iron impactors, according to the authors’ calculations, can reach 12 km/s. The impact velocities of iron–nickel asteroids range from 6 to 9 km/s. The impactor’s substance mass that could have remained in the crater after it was formed was assessed.

中文翻译:

关于在月球上形成沙克尔顿陨石坑的撞击器的性质

本文试图评估形成位于月球南极的沙克尔顿陨石坑的撞击物的特征。根据月球勘测轨道飞行器上的月球轨道飞行器激光高度计的数据,对陨石坑的形态测量参数进行了分析。结论是关于撞击角的可能范围和瞬态陨石坑的参数,如深度和体积。评估了瞬态陨石坑边缘上喷射物沉积物的厚度以及这些沉积物在距陨石坑边缘一定距离处的体积。这些评估能够确定可能形成沙克尔顿陨石坑的撞击物的类型和特征(速度、密度、大小和撞击角度)。结果表明,沙克尔顿陨石坑可能是由直径为 4-4.5 公里的低速(3 公里/秒)彗星、直径为 2 公里的球粒陨石或无球粒陨石以 45°-50° 的角度撞击形成的,其速度不超过 6 公里/秒,以及直径为 1-2 公里的石铁小行星和 1-1.5 公里的铁镍小行星的石铁或铁镍撞击器。根据作者的计算,石铁撞击器的撞击速度可以达到 12 公里/秒。铁镍小行星的撞击速度范围为 6 至 9 公里/秒。评估了撞击器形成后可能留在撞击坑中的物质质量。以及石铁或铁镍撞击器,石铁小行星的直径为 1-2 公里,铁镍小行星的直径为 1-1.5 公里。根据作者的计算,石铁撞击器的撞击速度可以达到 12 公里/秒。铁镍小行星的撞击速度范围为 6 至 9 公里/秒。评估了撞击器形成后可能留在撞击坑中的物质质量。以及石铁或铁镍撞击器,石铁小行星的直径为 1-2 公里,铁镍小行星的直径为 1-1.5 公里。根据作者的计算,石铁撞击器的撞击速度可以达到 12 公里/秒。铁镍小行星的撞击速度范围为 6 至 9 公里/秒。评估了撞击器形成后可能留在撞击坑中的物质质量。
更新日期:2016-06-01
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