Interplanetary scintillation observations, as well as the ENLIL 3D-MHD model when employed either separately or in combination with the observations, enable the making of predictions of the solar wind density and speed at locations in the inner heliosphere. Both methods are utilized here to predict the arrival at the Rosetta spacecraft and its adjacent comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko of, flare related, interplanetary propagating shocks and coronal mass ejections in September 2014. The predictions of density and speed variations at the comet are successfully matched with signatures recorded by the magnetometer and the ion and electron sensor instruments in the Rosetta Plasma Package, thereby providing confidence that the signatures recorded aboard the spacecraft were solar related. The plasma perturbations which were detected some 9–10 days after significant flaring in September 2014 are interpreted to have been signatures of the arrivals of three coronal mass ejection related shocks at the comet. Also, a solar energetic particle event was recorded at 3.7 AU within ~30 min of the onset of a flare by the Standard Radiation Monitor aboard Rosetta.

中文翻译：

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彗星 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko 在近日点前的空间天气

行星际闪烁观测以及 ENLIL 3D-MHD 模型在单独使用或与观测结合使用时，能够预测内日光层位置的太阳风密度和速度。两种方法都被用于预测 2014 年 9 月 Rosetta 航天器及其邻近彗星 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko 的到达，该彗星与耀斑有关，行星际传播冲击和日冕物质抛射。 彗星密度和速度变化的预测成功与磁力计以及罗塞塔等离子体包中的离子和电子传感器仪器记录的特征相匹配，从而确保航天器上记录的特征与太阳有关。在 2014 年 9 月显着耀斑后约 9-10 天检测到的等离子体扰动被解释为彗星上三个与日冕物质抛射相关的冲击到达的特征。此外，罗塞塔号上的标准辐射监测仪在耀斑开始后约 30 分钟内在 3.7 天文单位记录了太阳高能粒子事件。