ABSTRACT Two studies present the development and validation of the Art Therapy Working Alliance Inventory measure, based on Bordin’s [1979. The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 16, 252–260] conceptualisation of the therapeutic working alliance. The measure captures unique aspects of the art therapy working alliance that take into account the client’s relation to the art medium in the presence of the art therapist. The measure’s reliability and validity were examined. In Study 1, 40 art therapy students, who participated in art therapeutic simulations as clients during their training programme, rated the measure in its development phase; in Study 2, 104 art therapy students completed the final questionnaire and the Working Alliance Inventory in regard to therapeutic simulations. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three main factors: perceiving the art medium as an effective therapeutic tool (Art Task); the affective and explorative experience during art-making (Art Experience); and, acceptance of the art therapist’s interventions in the art medium (Art Therapist Acceptance). Associations were found between Art Task and Art Therapist Acceptance with each of the working alliance components, as well as between Art Experience with the Bond component. Implications for practice and research are discussed. Plain-language summary In verbal psychotherapy, a strong therapeutic alliance between client and therapist is necessary to achieve therapeutic goals. In art therapy, this alliance includes a third object: the art medium, comprised of art materials, artmaking and artworks. In this study, we developed and tested a new questionnaire for art therapy service users which measures the client-art medium alliance formed in art therapy. The new questionnaire is based on the Working Alliance Inventory, a well-known measure used in psychotherapy (Horvath & Greenberg, 1989) and is called the Art Therapy-Working Alliance Inventory. In order to measure the alliance between the client and the art medium, the Art Therapy-Working Alliance Inventory asks about three main areas: the client’s perception of the art medium as a therapeutic tool (Art-Task), the client’s affective experience of his/her artwork (Art Experience), and the client’s acceptance/rejection of the art-therapist’s interventions in the art medium (Art Therapist Acceptance). We asked 104 art therapy students to assume the role of clients in simulated art therapy sessions and then fill out the questionnaire at the end. We found a strong association between the two alliance scores; in other words, the stronger the alliance between the client and the art therapist, the stronger the alliance between the client and the art medium. Thus, we concluded that the Art Therapy-Working Alliance Inventory can serve as a useful tool in the research of art therapy practice.

中文翻译：

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艺术治疗工作联盟清单：制定一项措施

摘要 两项研究展示了基于 Bordin 的 [1979] 的艺术治疗工作联盟清单测量的开发和验证。工作联盟精神分析概念的普遍性。Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 16, 252–260] 治疗工作联盟的概念化。该措施捕捉了艺术治疗工作联盟的独特方面，在艺术治疗师在场的情况下考虑了客户与艺术媒介的关系。检验了该测量的信度和效度。在研究 1 中，40 名艺术治疗学生在他们的培训计划期间作为客户参与了艺术治疗模拟，在其开发阶段对该措施进行了评分；在研究 2 中，104 名艺术治疗学生完成了关于治疗模拟的最终问卷和工作联盟清单。探索性因素分析揭示了三个主要因素：将艺术媒介视为一种有效的治疗工具（艺术任务）；艺术创作过程中的情感和探索体验（艺术体验）；并且，接受艺术治疗师对艺术媒介的干预（艺术治疗师接受）。发现艺术任务和艺术治疗师接受度与每个工作联盟组件之间以及艺术体验与邦德组件之间的关联。讨论了对实践和研究的影响。简明语言总结 在口头心理治疗中，来访者和治疗师之间强有力的治疗联盟是实现治疗目标所必需的。在艺术治疗中，这个联盟包括第三个对象：艺术媒介，由艺术材料、艺术制作和艺术品组成。在这项研究中，我们开发并测试了一种新的艺术治疗服务用户问卷，用于衡量艺术治疗中形成的客户-艺术媒体联盟。新的问卷基于工作联盟清单，这是心理治疗中使用的一种众所周知的衡量标准 (Horvath & Greenberg, 1989)，被称为艺术治疗工作联盟清单。为了衡量客户与艺术媒介之间的联盟，艺术治疗工作联盟调查询问三个主要领域：客户将艺术媒介作为治疗工具的感知（艺术任务），客户对其治疗的情感体验。 /她的作品（艺术体验），以及客户对艺术治疗师对艺术媒介的干预的接受/拒绝（艺术治疗师接受）。我们要求 104 名艺术治疗学生在模拟艺术治疗课程中扮演客户的角色，然后在最后填写问卷。我们发现两个联盟得分之间存在很强的关联；换句话说，客户和艺术治疗师之间的联盟越强，客户和艺术媒介之间的联盟就越强。因此，我们得出结论，艺术治疗工作联盟清单可以作为艺术治疗实践研究的有用工具。客户和艺术治疗师之间的联盟越强，客户和艺术媒介之间的联盟就越强。因此，我们得出结论，艺术治疗工作联盟清单可以作为艺术治疗实践研究的有用工具。客户和艺术治疗师之间的联盟越强，客户和艺术媒介之间的联盟就越强。因此，我们得出结论，艺术治疗工作联盟清单可以作为艺术治疗实践研究的有用工具。