Proximal sensing technology was developed to overcome many of the restrictions related to satellite- or aircraft-based remote sensing systems. Ground-based proximal sensing systems collect multispectral images in the visible and near-infrared wavebands and calculate vegetation indices, such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The objective of this study was to assess the usefulness in viticulture of NDVI measurements acquired by the GreenSeeker™ optical sensor technology and to relate those measurements with grapevine physiological indicators. It was hypothesized that variability in vegetative expression, yield, and plant water status would relate to NDVIs and that differences in grape composition, including phenols and color, would be identified. It was also hypothesized that spatial variability in the study plots would exhibit temporally stable patterns. Results suggested that NDVI successfully established relationships with most variables; positive relationships were exhibited with vine size and yield components, while inverse correlations were demonstrated with phenols in red cultivars and monoterpenes in Riesling. Clustering patterns in NDVI were confirmed by k-means clustering analysis and Moran’s I spatial autocorrelation index. The usefulness of the GreenSeeker proximal sensing tool was confirmed and is indicative of the future applicability of this technology to divide vineyards into subblocks of different productivity.

中文翻译：

---

安大略葡萄园中土壤和葡萄树水分状况、产量和浆果成分的近端感应和关系

近端传感技术的开发是为了克服与基于卫星或飞机的遥感系统相关的许多限制。地基近端传感系统收集可见光和近红外波段的多光谱图像并计算植被指数，例如归一化差异植被指数 (NDVI)。本研究的目的是评估 GreenSeeker™ 光学传感器技术获得的 NDVI 测量值在葡萄栽培中的有用性，并将这些测量值与葡萄生理指标联系起来。假设营养表达、产量和植物水分状况的变异与 NDVI 相关，并且葡萄成分（包括酚类和颜色）的差异将被确定。还假设研究地块中的空间变异性会表现出时间稳定的模式。结果表明，NDVI 成功地与大多数变量建立了关系；与葡萄藤大小和产量成分呈正相关，而与红色栽培品种中的酚类和雷司令中的单萜呈负相关。NDVI 中的聚类模式通过 k 均值聚类分析和 Moran's I 空间自相关指数得到证实。GreenSeeker 近端传感工具的实用性得到了证实，并表明该技术在未来将葡萄园划分为不同生产力的子区块的适用性。与葡萄藤大小和产量成分呈正相关，而与红色栽培品种中的酚类和雷司令中的单萜呈负相关。NDVI 中的聚类模式通过 k 均值聚类分析和 Moran's I 空间自相关指数得到证实。GreenSeeker 近端传感工具的实用性得到了证实，并表明该技术在未来将葡萄园划分为不同生产力的子区块的适用性。与葡萄藤大小和产量成分呈正相关，而与红色栽培品种中的酚类和雷司令中的单萜呈负相关。NDVI 中的聚类模式通过 k 均值聚类分析和 Moran's I 空间自相关指数得到证实。GreenSeeker 近端传感工具的实用性得到了证实，并表明该技术在未来将葡萄园划分为不同生产力的子区块的适用性。