Microsatellite markers are a valuable tool to facilitate the management of germplasm collections and assess genetic diversity. This study reports the genetic characterization of a large collection of 379 rootstocks and other non-vinifera accessions maintained at the University of Milan, Italy. Accessions were genotyped with 22 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers, including the nine “international” loci used for grapevine identification, three VMC, three VrZAG, and seven VChr loci; 17 loci were retained to identify cultivars, investigate genetic diversity, analyze pedigrees, infer population structure, and design a core collection. This study identified 232 unique genotypes; the allelic profiles of 70 rootstocks were confirmed according to the literature and databases, while the profiles of 43 rootstocks were proposed for the first time. Pedigree analysis highlighted 77 parents-offspring trios and 44 parent-offspring relationships, some of them already known and others new. Genetic-structure analysis showed a more likely number of three ancestral groups, with a high percentage of admixed samples. A structure based on the genetic background of genotypes was not observed. A core collection of 70 genotypes captured 100% of the entire number (373) of detected alleles. Most of these genotypes were unidentified or poorly characterized. The information provided in this paper could assist breeders in their efforts to exploit still unexplored individuals useful for long-term breeding plans.

中文翻译：

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通过 SSR 标记评估的葡萄非葡萄树遗传多样性作为新砧木育种计划的起点

微卫星标记是促进种质收集管理和遗传多样性评估的宝贵工具。本研究报告了意大利米兰大学保存的 379 个砧木和其他非葡萄品种的大量收集的遗传特征。用 22 个高度多态性微卫星标记对种质进行基因分型，包括用于葡萄鉴定的 9 个“国际”基因座、3 个 VMC、3 个 VrZAG 和 7 个 VChr 基因座；保留了 17 个基因座，用于鉴定品种、调查遗传多样性、分析谱系、推断种群结构和设计核心集合。这项研究确定了 232 个独特的基因型；根据文献和数据库确定了70个砧木的等位基因谱，首次提出了43个砧木的等位基因谱。谱系分析突出显示了 77 个亲子关系和 44 个亲子关系，其中一些是已知的，而另一些是新的。遗传结构分析显示三个祖先群体的数量更有可能，混合样本的比例很高。未观察到基于基因型遗传背景的结构。70 个基因型的核心集合捕获了检测到的等位基因总数 (373) 的 100%。这些基因型中的大多数未被鉴定或表征不佳。本文提供的信息可以帮助育种者努力开发对长期育种计划有用的尚未开发的个体。遗传结构分析显示三个祖先群体的数量更有可能，混合样本的比例很高。未观察到基于基因型遗传背景的结构。70 个基因型的核心集合捕获了检测到的等位基因总数 (373) 的 100%。这些基因型中的大多数未被鉴定或表征不佳。本文提供的信息可以帮助育种者努力开发对长期育种计划有用的尚未开发的个体。遗传结构分析显示三个祖先群体的数量更有可能，混合样本的比例很高。未观察到基于基因型遗传背景的结构。70 个基因型的核心集合捕获了检测到的等位基因总数 (373) 的 100%。这些基因型中的大多数未被鉴定或表征不佳。本文提供的信息可以帮助育种者努力开发对长期育种计划有用的尚未开发的个体。