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Efficacy of Warmed Wine Against Brettanomyces bruxellensis Present in Oak Barrel Staves
American Journal of Enology and Viticulture ( IF 2.630 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-29 , DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2020.19082
Zachary M. Cartwright , Charles G. Edwards

New barrels (16 L) differing by oak species (Quercus alba or Q. petraea) and toasting level (light or heavy) were infected with Brettanomyces bruxellensis. Infected staves were sawed into 3 cm × 3 cm cubes and immersed 2 mm into red wine (11 or 15% v/v alcohol) that had been heated to 35, 40, 45, or 50°C. After removal from the wine, cubes were either sawed into cross sections or prepared as oak shavings before transfer to a yeast recovery medium and incubated for ≥30 days (cross sections) or for 12 hr (shavings) to recover culturable populations and calculate decimal reduction times (DT-values). Culturable cells were not recovered from inner cross sectional layers (0 to 4 mm depth) after heating in 11% v/v alcohol wine at 45 or 50°C, whereas populations were destroyed at deeper depths (e.g., 5 to 9 mm) using wines of 15% v/v alcohol at these same temperatures. In agreement, DT-values were greater when cubes were heated in 11% v/v alcohol wines (D45°C = 46 sec, D50°C = 30 sec) compared to wines with 15% v/v alcohol (D45°C = 17 sec, D50°C = 9 sec). Compared to heated water or steam, warmed-wine treatments required lower temperatures to remove the same degree of microbial contamination, in particular at inner stave depths ≤4 mm. Similar observations were noted for commercial barrels (225 L) previously infected by unidentified (in-house) strains of B. bruxellensis. Thus, application of warmed wine to infected barrels may serve as a method to greatly reduce populations of B. bruxellensis when temperatures lower than those needed for hot water or steam treatment are desired.

中文翻译:

温热葡萄酒对橡木桶木桶中存在的布氏酒香的功效

新橡木桶 (16 L) 因橡木树种 (Quercus alba 或 Q. petraea) 和烘烤程度(轻或重)而不同,感染了Brettanomyces bruxellensis。将受感染的木条锯成 3 cm × 3 cm 的立方体,然后将 2 mm 浸入已加热至 35、40、45 或 50°C 的红酒(11 或 15% v/v 酒精)中。从酒中取出后,将立方体锯成横截面或制备成橡木刨花,然后转移到酵母回收培养基中并孵育≥30 天(横截面)或 12 小时(刨花)以恢复可培养种群并计算十进制减少次(DT 值)。在 45 或 50°C 的 11% v/v 酒精酒中加热后,无法从内部横截面层(0 至 4 毫米深度)中回收可培养细胞,而在更深的深度(例如,5 到 9 毫米)在这些相同的温度下使用 15% v/v 酒精的葡萄酒。一致认为,当立方体在 11% v/v 酒精度酒(D45°C = 46 秒,D50°C = 30 秒)中加热时,DT 值高于酒精度为 15% 度的葡萄酒(D45°C = 17 秒,D50°C = 9 秒)。与热水或蒸汽相比,温酒处理需要较低的温度才能去除相同程度的微生物污染,尤其是在内部壁厚≤4 毫米的情况下。对于先前被未知(内部)布鲁氏杆菌菌株感染的商业桶(225升),也注意到了类似的观察结果。因此,当需要低于热水或蒸汽处理所需的温度时,将温酒应用于受感染的桶可以作为一种大大减少布鲁塞尔芽孢杆菌种群的方法。与酒精浓度为 15% 的葡萄酒(D45°C = 17 秒,D45°C = 46 秒,D50°C = 30 秒)相比,当方块在 11% v/v 酒精中加热时,DT 值更大D50°C = 9 秒)。与热水或蒸汽相比,温酒处理需要较低的温度才能去除相同程度的微生物污染,尤其是在内部壁厚≤4 毫米的情况下。对于先前被未知(内部)布鲁氏杆菌菌株感染的商业桶(225升),也注意到了类似的观察结果。因此,当需要低于热水或蒸汽处理所需的温度时,将温酒应用于受感染的桶可以作为一种大大减少布鲁塞尔芽孢杆菌种群的方法。与酒精浓度为 15% 的葡萄酒(D45°C = 17 秒,D45°C = 46 秒,D50°C = 30 秒)相比,当方块在 11% v/v 酒精中加热时,DT 值更大D50°C = 9 秒)。与热水或蒸汽相比,温酒处理需要较低的温度才能去除相同程度的微生物污染,特别是在内部壁厚≤4 毫米的情况下。对于先前被未知(内部)布鲁氏杆菌菌株感染的商业桶(225升),也注意到了类似的观察结果。因此,当需要低于热水或蒸汽处理所需的温度时,将温酒应用于受感染的桶可以作为一种大大减少布鲁塞尔芽孢杆菌种群的方法。与热水或蒸汽相比,温酒处理需要较低的温度才能去除相同程度的微生物污染,尤其是在内部壁厚≤4 毫米的情况下。对于先前被未鉴定的(内部)布鲁氏杆菌菌株感染的商业桶(225升),也注意到了类似的观察结果。因此,当需要低于热水或蒸汽处理所需的温度时,将温酒应用于受感染的桶可以作为一种大大减少布鲁塞尔芽孢杆菌种群的方法。与热水或蒸汽相比,温酒处理需要较低的温度才能去除相同程度的微生物污染,尤其是在内部壁厚≤4 毫米的情况下。对于先前被未知(内部)布鲁氏杆菌菌株感染的商业桶(225升),也注意到了类似的观察结果。因此,当需要低于热水或蒸汽处理所需的温度时,将温酒应用于受感染的桶可以作为一种大大减少布鲁塞尔芽孢杆菌种群的方法。
更新日期:2020-04-29
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