To gain a better understanding of environmental effects on grapevines and the physiological regulation of acclimation, we determined the effects of soil temperature (14 or 24°C) between anthesis and veraison on growth, nonstructural carbohydrates, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and leaf function of potted Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz. Plants of each regime were selected from two groups that had been grown in a glasshouse from three weeks prior to budbreak at an average soil temperature of either 13 or 23°C. Soil temperature between anthesis and veraison affected utilization and restoration of root and trunk nonstructural carbohydrates and changes in biomass of major plant organs. Soil warming promoted shoot growth via utilization of starch reserves, while soil cooling promoted starch storage in both the root and wood and shifted overall biomass partitioning to the roots. A change in soil temperature from warm to cool through flowering was also associated with reduced fruit set. Diurnal courses of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance after fruit set were significantly affected by soil temperature. Phytohormones (cytokinin and abscisic acid) were measured in the xylem sap and leaves at fruit set and veraison. Differences between these two sample types during grapevine development highlight a phytohormone shift likely involved in postveraison fruit ripening. We conclude that soil temperature significantly affects grapevine growth and that the responses are mediated largely by an influence of temperature on mobilization of nonstructural carbohydrates from the roots.

中文翻译：

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Veraison 之前的土壤温度改变了葡萄碳分配、木质部汁液激素和坐果

为了更好地了解环境对葡萄藤的影响和适应的生理调节，我们确定了开花期和转色期之间土壤温度（14 或 24°C）对葡萄生长、非结构性碳水化合物、细胞分裂素、脱落酸和叶片功能的影响。盆栽葡萄 cv. 设拉子。从萌芽前三周起在温室中在 13 或 23°C 的平均土壤温度下生长的两组植物中选择每个方案的植物。开花和转色之间的土壤温度影响根和树干非结构性碳水化合物的利用和恢复以及主要植​​物器官生物量的变化。土壤变暖通过利用淀粉储备促进芽生长，而土壤冷却促进了根和木材中的淀粉储存，并将整体生物量分配转移到根部。开花期间土壤温度从温暖变为凉爽也与坐果减少有关。坐果后光合作用、蒸腾作用和气孔导度的昼夜变化受土壤温度的显着影响。植物激素（细胞分裂素和脱落酸）在坐果和果期的木质部汁液和叶子中进行测量。葡萄树发育过程中这两种样品类型之间的差异突出了可能与转色后果实成熟有关的植物激素变化。我们得出结论，土壤温度显着影响葡萄树的生长，并且响应主要受温度对非结构性碳水化合物从根部动员的影响所介导。