Abstract Surface-active agents are organic compounds of amphiphilic nature. When the concentration of surfactants is higher than a certain value, the monomers adhere to form well-defined aggregates known as micelles. These micelles have been employed in flow injection analysis (FIA) for various purposes. In chemiluminescence-based FIA, micelles can improve sensitivity by changing the chemical structures of the reagents, facilitating intramicellar energy transfer, accelerating the reaction kinetics, or stabilizing the excited singlet states. Micelles can improve sensitivity in FIA/ultraviolet-visible by electrostatic or solubilization effects. In FIA/fluorescence, emission intensity is considerably enhanced in micellar media due to the protective environment that restricts nonemissive energy transfer processes. If FIA is coupled with flame atomic absorption, the signals are enhanced with surfactants due to the decreased surface tension that results in the generation of smaller droplets during the aspiration and nebulization processes. In addition, surfactants promote the enrichment of the analyte in the double layer at the air-water interface. The FIA/cloud point extraction technique is based on using surfactants as alternatives to organic solvents. This review discusses the different roles of micelles in FIA methods.

中文翻译：

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胶束增强流动注射分析

摘要 表面活性剂是两亲性质的有机化合物。当表面活性剂的浓度高于某个值时，单体会粘附形成明确的聚集体，称为胶束。这些胶束已用于流动注射分析 (FIA) 以达到各种目的。在基于化学发光的 FIA 中，胶束可以通过改变试剂的化学结构、促进胶束内能量转移、加速反应动力学或稳定激发单线态来提高灵敏度。胶束可以通过静电或增溶效应提高 FIA/紫外-可见光的灵敏度。在 FIA/荧光中，由于限制非发射能量转移过程的保护环境，胶束介质中的发射强度显着增强。如果 FIA 与火焰原子吸收相结合，由于表面张力降低，导致在吸入和雾化过程中产生更小的液滴，因此表面活性剂会增强信号。此外，表面活性剂促进分析物在气-水界面双层中的富集。FIA/浊点萃取技术基于使用表面活性剂作为有机溶剂的替代品。本综述讨论了胶束在 FIA 方法中的不同作用。FIA/浊点萃取技术基于使用表面活性剂作为有机溶剂的替代品。本综述讨论了胶束在 FIA 方法中的不同作用。FIA/浊点萃取技术基于使用表面活性剂作为有机溶剂的替代品。本综述讨论了胶束在 FIA 方法中的不同作用。