Abstract Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly promising analytical technique that has been widely applied in health and environment monitoring. As a vibrational spectroscopic tool, its fingerprint spectrum contains abundant molecular information, and the greatly enhanced signal can be used to detect analytes at extremely low concentration, even down to the single molecule level. Because water molecules give very weak Raman response, Raman spectroscopy has also been applied for in situ monitoring of targets in solution. However, the Raman signal of an analyte could only be enhanced when it is in proximity to the SERS substrate, which enhances the signal depending on the shape, size, and orientation of the particles constituting the substrate. Further, when using the method for the detection of various analytes, it is necessary to functionalize the SERS substrates, with recognition ligands and encapsulation with a suitable shell among others. Hence, the fabrication of suitable substrates is a basic step in SERS-related research. Tremendous effort has been expended in the last decade in this area, resulting in the development of substrates with unique properties. In this review, we will introduce recent achievements in SERS substrate fabrication based on their structural features. Synthesized nanoparticles, two-dimensional planar substrates, and three-dimensional substrates with effective volume will be discussed in the context of their synthesis strategies along with their characteristic properties. In the future, with further improvement in SERS substrates, the applicability of SERS for detecting a range of analytes in complex environment will become possible.

中文翻译：

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迎接挑战：SERS 衬底制造的最新方法

摘要 表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）是一种极具前景的分析技术，已广泛应用于健康和环境监测。作为振动光谱工具，其指纹图谱包含丰富的分子信息，极大增强的信号可用于检测极低浓度的分析物，甚至可以检测到单分子水平。由于水分子的拉曼响应非常微弱，因此拉曼光谱也被应用于溶液中目标的原位监测。然而，分析物的拉曼信号只有在靠近 SERS 基底时才能增强，这取决于构成基底的颗粒的形状、大小和方向来增强信号。此外，当使用该方法检测各种分析物时，有必要用识别配体和用合适的壳包封等功能化 SERS 底物。因此，制造合适的基板是 SERS 相关研究的基本步骤。在过去的十年中，该领域付出了巨大的努力，导致开发出具有独特性能的基材。在这篇综述中，我们将根据 SERS 衬底的结构特征介绍 SERS 衬底制造的最新成果。合成的纳米粒子、二维平面基底和具有有效体积的三维基底将在其合成策略及其特征性质的背景下进行讨论。未来随着SERS基板的进一步改进，