Abstract An essential role of the FAMOS international cooperation project is to obtain new marine gravity observations over the Baltic Sea for improving gravimetric geoid modelling. To achieve targeted 5 cm modelling accuracy, it is important to acquire new gravimetric data, as the existing data over some regions are inaccurate and sparse. As the accuracy of contemporary geoid models over marine areas remains unknown, it is important to evaluate geoid modelling outcome by independent data. Thus, this study presents results of a shipborne marine gravity and GNSS campaign for validation of existing geoid models conducted in the eastern section of the Baltic Sea. Challenging aspects for utilizing shipborne GNSS profiles tend to be with quantifying vessel’s attitude, processing of noise in the data and referencing to the required datum. Consequently, the novelty of this study is in the development of methodology that considers the above-mentioned challenges. In addition, tide gauge records in conjunction with an operational hydrodynamic model are used to identify offshore sea level dynamics during the marine measurements. The results show improvements in geoid modelling due to new marine gravimetric data. It is concluded that the marine GNSS profiles can potentially provide complementary constraints in problematic geoid modelling areas.

中文翻译：

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利用水动力模型和船载 GNSS 剖面验证海洋大地水准面模型

摘要 FAMOS 国际合作项目的一个重要作用是获得波罗的海新的海洋重力观测，以改进重力大地水准面建模。为了达到目标 5 厘米的建模精度，获取新的重力数据非常重要，因为某些区域的现有数据不准确且稀疏。由于当代大地水准面模型在海洋区域的准确性仍然未知，因此通过独立数据评估大地水准面建模结果非常重要。因此，本研究展示了船载海洋重力和 GNSS 活动的结果，以验证在波罗的海东部进行的现有大地水准面模型。利用船载 GNSS 剖面的挑战方面往往是量化船只的姿态、数据中的噪声处理和参考所需的数据。最后，这项研究的新颖之处在于开发了考虑上述挑战的方法。此外，潮汐计记录与操作水动力模型相结合，用于在海洋测量期间识别近海海平面动态。结果表明，由于新的海洋重力数据，大地水准面建模得到了改进。得出的结论是，海洋 GNSS 剖面可以潜在地为有问题的大地水准面建模区域提供补充约束。