A widespread problem observed in global water isotope (δ¹⁸O, δ²H) proficiency tests is compromised working reference materials due to storage-dispensing evaporation effects. Proper storage requires no evaporation or leakage, which causes isotopic drift and bias. Surveys by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) show most isotope laboratories use glass or plastic bottles to store working reference materials, with frequent opening and closings that pose evaporation risks. Practical small (ca. 2–5 L) storage-dispensing solutions free of air exposure, evaporation, and leakage are needed. We also tested several smaller-scale bottles for day-to-day aliquots.

中文翻译：

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低成本不锈钢饮料桶的性能，可实现长期储存完整性和水同位素（δ18O、δ2H）标准物质的轻松分配

在全球水同位素 ( δ ¹⁸ O、δ ² H) 能力验证中观察到的一个普遍问题是由于储存分配蒸发效应导致工作参考材料受损。适当的储存不需要蒸发或泄漏，这会导致同位素漂移和偏差。国际原子能机构 (IAEA) 的调查显示，大多数同位素实验室使用玻璃或塑料瓶来储存工作参考材料，频繁的开合会造成蒸发风险。需要无空气暴露、蒸发和泄漏的实用小型（约 2–5 L）存储分配溶液。我们还测试了几个小瓶的日常等分试样。