Large overpressures can be produced when a high-speed train enters and crosses a railway tunnel. Predicting them is important since, in critical conditions, pressure variations may be dangerous for train structures and for passengers’ health and comfort. European regulations impose pressure thresholds which trains must comply with in order to be homologated for travelling through tunnels. Currently, full-scale tests are required to demonstrate respect of these prescriptions. In this work, a procedure for calculating the pressure variations inside the tunnel based on 3 D steady CFD simulations and a 1 D compressible fluid-dynamics model is proposed, to be used both as a design tool and for virtual homologation of new rolling stock. Results of a large experimental campaign performed on the Italian high-speed line are used to set-up the proposed methodology and to validate it. Different train geometries, tunnel crossing speeds and tunnel initial air conditions are considered.

当高速列车进入和穿过铁路隧道时，会产生很大的超压。预测它们很重要，因为在临界条件下，压力变化可能对列车结构以及乘客的健康和舒适度造成危险。欧洲法规规定了火车必须遵守的压力阈值，以便通过隧道行驶。目前，需要进行全面测试来证明对这些规定的尊重。在这项工作中，提出了一种基于 3D 稳态 CFD 模拟和 1D 可压缩流体动力学模型计算隧道内压力变化的程序，可用作设计工具和新机车车辆的虚拟认证。在意大利高速线路上进行的大型实验活动的结果用于建立建议的方法并对其进行验证。考虑了不同的列车几何形状、隧道穿越速度和隧道初始空气条件。