Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that is on the rise, with approximately 30% of the world population classified as either overweight or obese. The United States has some of the highest rates of obesity, and in most countries in the world, obesity now poses more of a serious health concern than malnutrition. Obesity is a chronic, relapsing disorder that is both preventable and treatable; however, traditional interventions that target eating less and exercising more have low success rates, especially in the long term. Therefore, identifying the neurobehaviors that predict obesity is important to help identify targets to decrease BMI and improve obesity outcomes. Using the Competing Neurobehavioral Decisions System (CNDS) Theory, we hypothesized that individuals with obesity compared to individuals without obesity would display neurobehaviors marked by a hyperactive impulsive system and a hypoactive executive system. To test this hypothesis, we collected data from a battery of self-reported measures and neurocognitive assessments through Amazon Mechanical Turk from n = 178 obese (BMI ≥ 30) and n = 198 nonobese controls who were weight stable for the past 3 months. We found that compared to the nonobese control group, individuals with obesity showed heightened delay discounting (a marker of CNDS imbalance), impaired motivation, poor self-image, decreased affective state, and impaired executive function. Using a Bayesian network approach, we established a neurobehavioral model that predicts obesity with 64.4% accuracy and indicates an imbalance between impulsive and executive neural systems. Results from our study suggest that interventions targeting neurobehaviors may be integral to help improve obesity outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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一种新的肥胖预测模型：神经行为作为治疗目标。

肥胖症是一种全球流行病，并且呈上升趋势，世界上大约 30% 的人口被归类为超重或肥胖。美国是肥胖率最高的国家之一，在世界上大多数国家，肥胖现在比营养不良更能引起严重的健康问题。肥胖是一种慢性、复发性疾病，既可预防又可治疗。然而，以少吃多运动为目标的传统干预措施的成功率很低，尤其是从长期来看。因此，确定预测肥胖的神经行为对于帮助确定降低 BMI 和改善肥胖结果的目标非常重要。使用竞争性神经行为决策系统 (CNDS) 理论，我们假设，与没有肥胖的人相比，肥胖的人会表现出以冲动系统过度活跃和执行系统不活跃为特征的神经行为。为了验证这一假设，我们通过 Amazon Mechanical Turk 从 n = 178 名肥胖（BMI ≥ 30）和 n = 198 名过去 3 个月体重稳定的非肥胖对照中收集了一系列自我报告的测量和神经认知评估数据。我们发现，与非肥胖对照组相比，肥胖个体表现出更高的延迟折扣（CNDS 失衡的标志）、动机受损、自我形象差、情感状态下降和执行功能受损。使用贝叶斯网络方法，我们建立了一个预测 64 岁肥胖的神经行为模型。4% 的准确率，表明冲动和执行神经系统之间存在不平衡。我们的研究结果表明，针对神经行为的干预措施可能是帮助改善肥胖结果不可或缺的一部分。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。