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The enemy of my enemy is not always my friend: Negative effects of carnivorous arthropods on plants
Functional Ecology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-16 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13884 Maximilien A. C. Cuny 1 , Mitchel E. Bourne 1 , Marcel Dicke 1 , Erik H. Poelman 1
中文翻译：
敌人的敌人并不总是我的朋友：食肉节肢动物对植物的负面影响
更新日期：2021-07-16
Functional Ecology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-16 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13884 Maximilien A. C. Cuny 1 , Mitchel E. Bourne 1 , Marcel Dicke 1 , Erik H. Poelman 1
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- Plants are members of complex communities of which arthropods are the most speciose members. The role of carnivores in shaping the outcome of multi-trophic interactions by top-down control of herbivores has been well studied. Particularly, the positive impacts of natural enemies of herbivores on plants through direct (consumptive) and indirect (non-consumptive) effects on their prey and hosts have received considerable interest, while multi-trophic interactions that result in negative effects on plants have received little attention.
- Negative impacts of carnivorous arthropods have been documented and arise when carnivores directly affect plants and/or their interactions with beneficial arthropods. In general, negative effects may be compensated by positive effects of other carnivorous arthropods, but their presence and significance is likely to be underestimated in tri-trophic interactions.
- Recent studies have revealed that the composition and dynamics of the plant and arthropod community have a significant effect on plant fitness. Therefore, we encourage an approach that accounts for a larger community of species and interactions associated with plants, including interaction types in which carnivores may negatively affect plants.
- This review highlights specific interaction types that ultimately lead to negative effects of carnivores on plants. This synthesis presents alternative hypotheses to those that predict that carnivores invariably benefit plants. Testing potential costs and benefits of carnivores to plants will advance our understanding of indirect plant defence.
中文翻译：
敌人的敌人并不总是我的朋友：食肉节肢动物对植物的负面影响
- 植物是复杂群落的成员，其中节肢动物是最特殊的成员。食肉动物在通过自上而下控制食草动物来塑造多营养相互作用的结果方面的作用已经得到很好的研究。特别是，食草动物的天敌通过对其猎物和宿主的直接（消耗性）和间接（非消耗性）影响对植物产生的积极影响引起了相当大的兴趣，而对植物产生负面影响的多营养相互作用却几乎没有收到注意力。
- 当食肉动物直接影响植物和/或它们与有益节肢动物的相互作用时，肉食性节肢动物的负面影响已被记录并出现。一般来说，其他食肉节肢动物的积极影响可能会抵消负面影响，但它们的存在和重要性在三营养相互作用中可能被低估。
- 最近的研究表明，植物和节肢动物群落的组成和动态对植物适应性有显着影响。因此，我们鼓励采用一种方法来解释更大的物种群落以及与植物相关的相互作用，包括食肉动物可能对植物产生负面影响的相互作用类型。
- 这篇综述强调了最终导致食肉动物对植物产生负面影响的特定相互作用类型。这种综合提出了替代假设，而不是那些预测食肉动物总是有益于植物的假设。测试食肉动物对植物的潜在成本和收益将增进我们对间接植物防御的理解。
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