Many organisms show signs of deterioration with age in terms of survival and reproduction. We tested whether intraspecific variation in such senescence patterns can be driven by resource availability or reproductive history. We did this by manipulating nutritional stress and age at first reproduction and measuring age-dependent reproductive output in tsetse (Glossina morsitans morsitans), a viviparous fly with high maternal allocation. Across all treatments, offspring weight followed a bell-shaped curve with maternal age. Nutritionally stressed females had a higher probability of abortion and produced offspring with lower starvation tolerance. There was no evidence of an increased rate of reproductive senescence in nutritionally stressed females, or a reduced rate due to delayed mating, as measured by patterns of abortion, offspring weight or offspring starvation tolerance. Therefore, although we found evidence of reproductive senescence in tsetse, our results did not indicate that resource allocation trade-offs or costs of reproduction increase the rate of senescence.

中文翻译：

---

母体年龄和应激对胎生果蝇后代质量的影响

许多生物体在生存和繁殖方面显示出随着年龄增长而退化的迹象。我们测试了这种衰老模式的种内变异是否可以由资源可用性或生殖历史驱动。我们通过在第一次繁殖时控制营养压力和年龄并测量采采蝇（Glossina morsitans morsitans)，一种具有高母体分配的胎生果蝇。在所有治疗中，后代体重随母亲年龄呈钟形曲线。营养紧张的女性流产的可能性更高，并且产生的后代饥饿耐受性较低。根据流产模式、后代体重或后代饥饿耐受性来衡量，没有证据表明营养压力大的雌性生殖衰老率增加，或由于交配延迟导致生殖衰老率降低。因此，尽管我们在采采蝇中发现了生殖衰老的证据，但我们的结果并未表明资源分配权衡或繁殖成本会增加衰老率。