The Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) is vulnerable to climate warming, and with over 300 tidewater glaciers, is a hotspot for enhanced glacial retreat and meltwater runoff to the ocean. In contrast to Greenlandic and Antarctic systems, CAA glaciers and their impact on the marine environment remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigate how CAA glaciers impact nutrient delivery to surface waters. We compare water column properties in the nearshore coastal zone along a continuum of locations, spanning those with glaciers (glacierized) to those without (non-glacierized), in Jones Sound, eastern CAA. We find that surface waters of glacierized regions contain significantly more macronutrients (nitrogen, silica, phosphorus) and micronutrients (iron, manganese) than their non-glacierized counterparts. Water column structure and chemical composition suggest that macronutrient enrichments are a result of upwelling induced by rising submarine discharge plumes, while micronutrient enrichments are delivered directly by glacial discharge. Generally, the strength of upwelling and associated macronutrient delivery scales with the subglacial meltwater discharge. Glacier-driven delivery of the limiting macronutrient, nitrate, is of particular importance for local productivity, while metal delivery may have consequences for regional micronutrient cycling given Jones Sound's important role in modifying water masses flowing into the North Atlantic. Finally, we use the natural variability in glacier characteristics observed in Jones Sound to consider, how nutrient delivery may be affected as glaciers retreat. The impacts of melting glaciers on marine ecosystems through both these mechanisms will likely be amplified with increased meltwater fluxes in the short term, but eventually muted as CAA ice masses diminish.

中文翻译：

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加拿大北极群岛海洋系统中的冰川和营养物质

加拿大北极群岛 (CAA) 易受气候变暖的影响，拥有 300 多个潮水冰川，是冰川退缩和融水流入海洋的热点。与格陵兰和南极系统相比，CAA 冰川及其对海洋环境的影响在很大程度上仍未得到探索。在这里，我们研究了 CAA 冰川如何影响向地表水输送营养物质。我们比较了位于 CAA 东部的琼斯湾地区的近岸沿海地区的水柱特性，包括有冰川（冰川化）和没有（非冰川化）的地区。我们发现冰川地区的地表水比非冰川地区的地表水含有更多的常量营养素（氮、硅、磷）和微量营养素（铁、锰）。水柱结构和化学成分表明，大量营养素富集是由上升的海底排放羽流引起的上升流的结果，而微量营养素富集是由冰川排放直接提供的。一般来说，上升流的强度和相关的常量营养素输送量与冰下融水排放有关。冰川驱动的限制性常量营养素硝酸盐的输送对当地生产力特别重要，而鉴于琼斯湾在改变流入北大西洋的水团方面的重要作用，金属输送可能对区域微量营养素循环产生影响。最后，我们使用在琼斯峡湾中观察到的冰川特征的自然变化来考虑冰川退缩时养分输送可能受到的影响。