In 2017, WHO published an updated classification of the pituitary adenomas according to the lineages defined by the transcription factors, PIT1, SF1 and TPIT. Nomenclature of the pituitary tumors follows the mature cell types such as somatotroph (GH), lactotroph (LH), thyrotroph, corticotroph, and gonadotroph (FSH, LH). Null cell adenomas are defined by the absence of expression of any hormones and transcription factors. Not infrequently, the pituitary adenomas are invasive to the adjacent structures and are designated as aggressive adenomas. Knosp grading is often used to define the aggressiveness of the tumor. Sparsely granulated somatotroph adenomas and Crooke cell corticotroph adenomas are representative aggressive adenomas. Recently, genomics regarding various adenomas have been clarified, such as GNAS for somatotrophs and USP8 for corticotrophs. Familial pituitary adenomas are another aspect which has been clarified such as MEN1, Carney’s complex, familial isolated pituitary adenoma and McCune-Albright syndrome. The pituitary adenomas often produce GH or PRL, hormones of PIT1 transcription factor. It has been agreed that the pituitary adenomas share the characteristics of neuroendocrine neoplasms. The terminology of pituitary neuroendocrine tumor has been discussed. This review article covers various aspects of pituitary adenomas.

2017 年，WHO 根据转录因子 PIT1、SF1 和 TPIT 定义的谱系发布了垂体腺瘤的更新分类。垂体肿瘤的命名遵循成熟的细胞类型，例如生长激素 (GH)、泌乳激素 (LH)、促甲状腺激素、促肾上腺皮质激素和促性腺激素 (FSH、LH)。空细胞腺瘤的定义是没有任何激素和转录因子的表达。垂体腺瘤经常侵入邻近结构并被指定为侵袭性腺瘤。Knop 分级通常用于定义肿瘤的侵袭性。稀疏颗粒状生长激素腺瘤和克鲁克细胞促肾上腺皮质激素腺瘤是代表性的侵袭性腺瘤。最近，关于各种腺瘤的基因组学已经阐明，例如生长激素的 GNAS 和促肾上腺皮质激素的 USP8。家族性垂体腺瘤是另一个已被阐明的方面，如 MEN1、卡尼氏综合征、家族性孤立垂体腺瘤和 McCune-Albright 综合征。垂体腺瘤常产生 GH 或 PRL，即 PIT1 转录因子的激素。人们一致认为垂体腺瘤具有神经内分泌肿瘤的特征。垂体神经内分泌肿瘤的术语已经讨论过。这篇综述文章涵盖了垂体腺瘤的各个方面。人们一致认为垂体腺瘤具有神经内分泌肿瘤的特征。垂体神经内分泌肿瘤的术语已经讨论过。这篇综述文章涵盖了垂体腺瘤的各个方面。人们一致认为垂体腺瘤具有神经内分泌肿瘤的特征。垂体神经内分泌肿瘤的术语已经讨论过。这篇综述文章涵盖了垂体腺瘤的各个方面。