The development and implementation of a new small-scale fisheries policy in South Africa has been a protracted and convoluted process. Following a participatory policy formulation process, founded on human-rights principles and a commitment to a community-based approach to governance, implementation planning and policy-roll-out have deviated from these foundational principles leading to thousands of fishers being left out of the process and the persistence of state-centric management. Drawing on the fisheries governance and policy implementation literature, the paper systematically analyses the transition from the small-scale policy formulation process to implementation and highlights the governance processes and other factors that have resulted in a mismatch between policy rhetoric and implementation practices. Key factors that have contributed to this policy disjuncture include a lack of ongoing engagement and collaboration with stakeholders, adopting a one-size fits all approach, inappropriate legal mechanisms to operationalise the policy, issuing of individual permits in the interim period, shifting political agendas, changing socio-economic factors at national and local level, lack of resources and capacity to implement policy objectives, implementation delays and lack of clarity regarding implementation agencies. Insights from this analysis in relation to policy implementation theory and empirical studies are discussed. The paper concludes with proposals for addressing the mismatches.

南非新的小规模渔业政策的制定和实施是一个漫长而复杂的过程。遵循以人权原则为基础的参与性政策制定过程，以及对以社区为基础的治理方法、实施规划和政策推出的承诺偏离了这些基本原则，导致数千名渔民被排除在这一过程之外以及坚持以国家为中心的管理。本文借鉴渔业治理和政策实施文献，系统地分析了从小规模政策制定过程到实施的转变，并强调了导致政策言辞与实施实践不匹配的治理过程和其他因素。导致这种政策脱节的关键因素包括缺乏与利益相关者的持续参与和合作、采取一刀切的方法、不适当的法律机制来实施政策、在过渡时期发放个人许可证、不断变化的政治议程、国家和地方层面不断变化的社会经济因素、缺乏执行政策目标的资源和能力、执行延误以及执行机构不明确。讨论了与政策实施理论和实证研究相关的分析的见解。本文最后提出了解决不匹配问题的建议。实施政策的不适当法律机制、在过渡期间发放个人许可证、改变政治议程、改变国家和地方层面的社会经济因素、缺乏资源和能力来实施政策目标、实施延误和实施不明确机构。讨论了与政策实施理论和实证研究相关的分析的见解。本文最后提出了解决不匹配问题的建议。实施政策的不适当法律机制、在过渡期间发放个人许可证、改变政治议程、改变国家和地方层面的社会经济因素、缺乏资源和能力来实施政策目标、实施延误和实施不明确机构。讨论了与政策实施理论和实证研究相关的分析的见解。本文最后提出了解决不匹配问题的建议。讨论了与政策实施理论和实证研究相关的分析的见解。本文最后提出了解决不匹配问题的建议。讨论了与政策实施理论和实证研究相关的分析的见解。本文最后提出了解决不匹配问题的建议。