The quantitative description and theoretical research on the stability of the electromagnetic field interfacial wave in aluminum electrolysis cells are the key to achieving high energy efficiency and operational safety. The magneto-hydrodynamics equations were established based on the theory of electromagnetics and hydrodynamics and applied to a 500-kA cell. The Fourier series expansion and finite element methods were used for modeling and simulation of interfacial stability. Detailed analysis was conducted on wave mode coupling regimes by custom code in MATLAB. Based on the characteristics of total modulus, a modal analysis method was proposed to clarify how anode–cathode distance (ACD) and length-width ratio of cells affected interfacial stability. The results indicate that the stability is enhanced as the increase of ACD for a 500-kA electrolysis cell and the critical ACD is derived as 0.041 m, which is preferable for stabilizing the cell and reducing energy consumption.

铝电解槽电磁场界面波稳定性的定量描述和理论研究是实现高能效和运行安全的关键。磁流体动力学方程是基于电磁学和流体动力学理论建立的，并应用于500-kA电池。傅里叶级数展开和有限元方法被用于界面稳定性的建模和模拟。通过MATLAB中的自定义代码对波模耦合机制进行了详细分析。基于总模量的特点，提出了一种模态分析方法来阐明电池的阳极-阴极距离（ACD）和长宽比如何影响界面稳定性。