Nanotechnologies contributed to almost every field of science such as physical and chemical science, material and biological science and engineering. In past decade, nanotechnology have been applied to treat cancer and infectious diseases which attracted the interest of many scientists. Nanocomposites (NCs) play a vital part in the delivery of specific drugs or genes to target sites in the human body. NCs gained attention because of advanced applications in diagnosing and treating cancer and infectious diseases such as COVID-19, tuberculosis, hepatitis, and HIV infection. Their extended and unique applicability depend on the properties of NCs such as astonishing physicochemical behavior, excellent antimicrobial ability, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity. Studies were carried out using various NPs for their potential antimicrobial and anticancer ability, but the most explored NPs are silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The major focus of this review is to highlight newly developed diagnostic techniques and production of nanomaterial which acts as a delivery system or drug to treat and diagnose both diseases. Moreover, presented information will be relevant for researchers working on NCs and their applications in drug delivery, disease treatment and diagnostic system with an emphasis on cancer and infectious diseases.

纳米技术对几乎所有科学领域都有贡献，例如物理和化学科学、材料和生物科学与工程。在过去的十年中，纳米技术已被应用于治疗癌症和传染病，引起了许多科学家的兴趣。纳米复合材料 (NC) 在将特定药物或基因输送到人体目标部位方面发挥着重要作用。NC 因其在诊断和治疗癌症和传染病（如 COVID-19、结核病、肝炎和 HIV 感染）方面的先进应用而受到关注。它们的广泛和独特的适用性取决于 NCs 的特性，例如惊人的物理化学行为、优异的抗菌能力、抗癌和抗炎活性。使用各种纳米颗粒的潜在抗菌和抗癌能力进行了研究，但研究最多的纳米颗粒是银纳米颗粒 (AgNPs)。本综述的主要重点是强调新开发的诊断技术和纳米材料的生产，这些纳米材料作为一种递送系统或药物来治疗和诊断这两种疾病。此外，所提供的信息将与从事 NC 及其在药物输送、疾病治疗和诊断系统中的应用的研究人员相关，重点是癌症和传染病。