This study explores how direct supervisors can hinder or enhance how professionals learn from their errors. Extant research has often focused on psychological safety as the main condition for this kind of learning to take place. We expand prior research by exploring which behaviors of direct supervisors effectively facilitate learning from errors in concert with psychological safety. We conducted semi-structured interviews among 23 professionals to gain detailed insights into their thoughts, needs, and the difficulties they encounter. Through content analysis, we identified four critical supervisor behaviors that participants viewed as facilitating learning from errors next to fostering a psychologically safe work environment: (1) providing timely feedback, (2) guidance and elaborate feedback, (3) being accessible and personally involved, (4) organizing joint evaluations. Based on our findings, recommendations are formulated for supervisors that aim to facilitate professionals’ learning from errors and their professional development.

本研究探讨了直接主管如何阻碍或加强专业人员从错误中学习的方式。现有的研究通常将心理安全作为这种学习发生的主要条件。我们通过探索直接主管的哪些行为有效地促进从错误中学习与心理安全相结合来扩展先前的研究。我们对 23 位专业人士进行了半结构化访谈，以详细了解他们的想法、需求和遇到的困难。通过内容分析，我们确定了参与者认为有助于从错误中学习以及营造心理安全的工作环境的四种关键主管行为：(1) 提供及时反馈，(2) 指导和详细反馈，(3) 易于访问和亲自参与, （四）组织联合评价。根据我们的调查结果，我们为主管制定了建议，旨在促进专业人士从错误中学习并促进他们的专业发展。