Objectives

Growing evidence of the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) warrants greater understanding of factors relevant to the relation between trait mindfulness and PTSD, such as emotion dysregulation (ED). The goal of this study was to examine associations between trait mindfulness, ED, and PTSD symptoms across two samples of trauma-exposed adults.

Methods

Participants for Sample 1 (n = 39, 90% women, 100% Black) and Sample 2 (n = 60, 100% women, 87% Black) were recruited from an urban hospital in the South. Trait mindfulness, ED, and PTSD were assessed.

Results

Across both samples, mindfulness and ED were significantly associated with overall PTSD severity (r = − .49 and r = − .42, ps = .001; r = .53 and r = .51, ps < .001, respectively) in the expected direction. In Sample 1, mindful nonjudgment and difficulty with emotion regulation strategies showed the strongest associations with overall PTSD severity as well as symptom clusters. In Sample 2, mindful acceptance and all ED dimensions (except non-awareness) showed strong associations with overall PTSD severity and particularly with negative cognitions and mood symptoms. In both samples, ED mediated the association between mindfulness and overall PTSD severity (Sample 1: ab = − .15, 95% CI [− .35, − .02]; Sample 2: ab = − .11, 95% CI [− .22, − .04]).

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate the important role of ED in the relation between trait mindfulness and PTSD symptoms among trauma-exposed adults. They highlight the value of examining ED as a mechanism of change in mindfulness-based interventions for PTSD.

Clinical Trials Registration

Sample 1: NCT03922581, April 22, 2019; NCT03938350, May 6, 2019; Sample 2: NCT02754557, April 28, 2016.

中文翻译：

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情绪失调在创伤暴露成人特质正念与 PTSD 症状之间的中介作用

目标

越来越多的证据表明，基于正念的创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 干预措施的有效性需要更多地了解与特质正念与 PTSD 之间的关系相关的因素，例如情绪失调 (ED)。本研究的目的是在两个暴露于创伤的成年人样本中检查特质正念、ED 和 PTSD 症状之间的关联。

方法

样本 1（n  = 39，90% 女性，100% 黑人）和样本 2（n  = 60，100% 女性，87% 黑人）的参与者是从南方的一家城市医院招募的。对特质正念、ED 和 PTSD 进行了评估。

结果

在这两个样本中，正念和 ED 与整体 PTSD 严重程度显着相关（分别为r  = - .49 和r  = - .42，ps  = .001；r  = .53 和r  = .51，ps  < .001）预期的方向。在样本 1 中，有意识的不判断和情绪调节策略的困难显示出与整体 PTSD 严重程度以及症状群的最强关联。在样本 2 中，正念接受和所有 ED 维度（不知道除外）显示与整体 PTSD 严重程度，特别是与负面认知和情绪症状密切相关。在这两个样本中，ED 介导了正念与整体 PTSD 严重程度之间的关联（样本 1：ab = - .15, 95% CI [- .35, - .02]；样品 2：ab  = - .11, 95% CI [- .22, - .04]）。

结论

这些发现证明了 ED 在创伤暴露成人的特质正念与 PTSD 症状之间的关系中的重要作用。他们强调了将 ED 作为一种改变基于正念的 PTSD 干预机制的价值。

临床试验注册

样品1：NCT03922581，2019年4月22日；NCT03938350，2019 年 5 月 6 日；样本 2：NCT02754557，2016 年 4 月 28 日。