发育中的蝶骨与成人形态之间的关联：一项使用人类胚胎和胎儿颅底矢状切片的研究,Journal of Anatomy

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发育中的蝶骨与成人形态之间的关联：一项使用人类胚胎和胎儿颅底矢状切片的研究
Journal of Anatomy ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-15 , DOI: 10.1111/joa.13515
Masahito Yamamoto ₁ , Zhe-Wu Jin ₂ , Shogo Hayashi ₃ , José Francisco Rodríguez-Vázquez ₄ , Gen Murakami ₅ , Shinichi Abe ₁

Affiliation

发育中的蝶骨被认为是具有三个软骨突（眶蝶骨 [OS]、翼颞肌 [AT] 和鼻翼突 [AP]）的正中软骨块（基蝶骨 [BS]）。由于沿着软骨元件广泛的膜骨化，因此很难确定这种初始构型与成体形态的关系。因此，本研究的目的是评估胎儿蝶骨每个元素与成人形态之间的解剖学联系。因此，对胎龄 6-34 周、头臀长 12-295 毫米的 25 个胚胎和胎儿的矢状切片进行了检查，并与其他 25 个晚期胎儿（217-340 毫米）的水平和额叶切片进行了比较。操作系统被确定为早期胎儿中一组三个相互连接的软骨条。在所有阶段，OS-post 与 BS 的前外侧部分是连续的。BS 包括胚胎和早期胎儿中的脊索和拉特克育儿袋残余物。胚胎中不存在鞍背，但在早期胎儿中，在垂体窝变得明显之前，鞍背就从鞍背突出。虽然中期时鞍背不高于垂体，但在胎龄 25 周后鞍背明显伸长。在早期胎儿中，AP 位于耳囊紧前方的一侧。AT 发育于眼外直肌紧后方的一侧。在足月后期，更大的翅膀由 AT 和 AP 的膜骨形成。AT 和 AP 在 BS 和大翼之间形成了一座复杂的桥梁。在早期胎儿中，未来的内侧翼状突 (PTmed) 的小软骨位于 AT 下方。中期时，一根软骨内骨和多根膜骨形成 PTmed。翼外突（PTlat）由单个膜状骨板形成。因此，我们将胎儿元素和成人形态连接如下。(1) OS 的导数不仅制作小翼，还制作蝶骨体的前缘。(2) BS 的衍生物是蝶骨体，包括蝶鞍和鞍背。(3)大翼的大部分，包括圆孔和卵圆孔，起源于AT和AP以及多个膜骨。(4) PTmed源自软骨内骨和多个膜骨，而PTlat源自单个膜骨。

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Association between the developing sphenoid and adult morphology: A study using sagittal sections of the skull base from human embryos and fetuses

The developing sphenoid is regarded as a median cartilage mass (basisphenoid [BS]) with three cartilaginous processes (orbitosphenoid [OS], ala temporalis [AT], and alar process [AP]). The relationships of this initial configuration with the adult morphology are difficult to determine because of extensive membranous ossification along the cartilaginous elements. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the anatomical connections between each element of the fetal sphenoid and adult morphology. Sagittal sections from 25 embryos and fetuses of gestational age 6–34 weeks and crown-rump length 12–295 mm were therefore examined and compared with horizontal and frontal sections from the other 25 late-term fetuses (217–340 mm). The OS was identified as a set of three mutually attached cartilage bars in early fetuses. At all stages, the OS-post was continuous with the anterolateral part of the BS. The BS included the notochord and Rathke's pouch remnant in embryos and early fetuses. The dorsum sellae was absent from embryos, but it protruded from the BS in early fetuses before a fossa for the hypophysis became evident. Although not higher than the hypophysis at midterm, the dorsum sellae elongated superiorly after gestational age 25 weeks. In early fetuses, the AP was located on the side immediately anterior to the otic capsule. The AT developed on the side immediately posterior to the extraocular rectus muscles. At late term, the greater wing was formed by membranous bones from the AT and AP. The AT and AP formed a complex bridge between the BS and the greater wing. A small cartilage, future medial pterygoid process (PTmed) was located inferior to the AT in early fetuses. At midterm, one endochondral bone and multiple membranous bones formed the PTmed. The lateral pterygoid process (PTlat) was formed by a single membranous bone plate. Therefore, we connected fetal elements and the adult morphology as follows. (1) Derivative of the OS makes not only the lesser wing but also the anterior margin of the body of the sphenoid. (2) Derivatives of the BS are the body of the sphenoid including the sella turcica and the dorsum sellae. (3) Most of the greater wing including the foramen rotundum and the foramen oval originate from the AT and AP and multiple membranous bones. (4) The PTmed originate from endochondral bones and multiple membranous bones, while the PTlat derive from a single membranous bone.

更新日期：2021-07-15

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