Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of major structural changes on the conceptualization of the transnational corporation (TNC) based on foreign direct investment (FDI) and on indicators of transnationality.

Design/methodology/approach

Analysis of three major structural changes which impact the current conception of transnationality. They are: the rise of digital companies; the increased role of finance in the economy; externalization of activities via non-equity modalities (NEMs) with an impact on FDI and on the labour market.

Findings

The paper finds that the current concept of transnationality needs widening to take account of companies with a low degree of fixed assets abroad such as the digital and the financial companies and those internationalizing via NEMs, as well as to take account of the evolving relationship between TNCs and labour.

Research limitations/implications

Future research along the lines proposed should consider: working explicitly with the new, inclusive concept of transnationality and arrive at an empirical estimate of the proposed indices of transnationality which modify and amplify the current United Nations Conference on Trade and Development indices.

Social implications

Useful for understanding the nature of transnationality in the twenty-first century and for developing policies.

Originality/value

The paper proposes a new concept of transnationality and of the TNC, one that allows for new ways of organizing direct business activities abroad. It also proposes broadening the list of indicators of transnationality.

中文翻译：

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二十一世纪的跨国性。概念和指标

目的

本文的目的是分析重大结构变化对基于外国直接投资 (FDI) 的跨国公司 (TNC) 概念化和跨国性指标的影响。

设计/方法/方法

分析影响当前跨国性概念的三大结构变化。它们是：数字公司的崛起；金融在经济中的作用增加；通过对 FDI 和劳动力市场产生影响的非股权模式 (NEM) 将活动外部化。

发现

论文发现，当前的跨国概念需要扩大，以考虑到海外固定资产程度较低的公司，例如数字和金融公司，以及通过 NEM 进行国际化的公司，以及考虑到跨国公司之间不断演变的关系。和劳动力。

研究限制/影响

沿着提议的路线进行的未来研究应考虑：明确使用新的包容性跨国概念，并对修改和扩大当前联合国贸易和发展会议指数的拟议跨国指数进行经验估计。

社会影响

有助于理解 21 世纪跨国性的本质和制定政策。

原创性/价值

该文件提出了一种跨国性和跨国公司的新概念，它允许以新的方式组织国外的直接商业活动。它还建议扩大跨国性指标清单。