Despite numerous studies on social exclusion which acknowledge gender disparity within the issue, very few are focused on widening the analysis into community-level factors. Considering the elderly as the most vulnerable age group, this study aims to investigate the role of community characteristics in explaining gender disparity in social exclusion amongst the elderly in Indonesia. Panel data from 2007 and information from the Indonesian Family Life Survey in 2014 are analyzed using ordered logistic regression with robust standard error adjustment. Results show that community leader characteristics including educational, age, and gender factors are statistically significant on affecting social exclusion amongst the elderly. Elderly who live in communities that are led by a leader who are aged 50 years or older and have an educational level of at least senior high school are less likely to be socially excluded. Those two variables are significant in all sample studies and sub samples of female elderly only. It indicates that social exclusion among female elderly are statistically more sensitive based on the changes of community leader than social exclusion among the males.

尽管有大量关于社会排斥的研究承认该问题存在性别差异，但很少有人关注将分析范围扩大到社区层面的因素。考虑到老年人是最脆弱的年龄组，本研究旨在调查社区特征在解释印度尼西亚老年人社会排斥中的性别差异方面的作用。2007 年的面板数据和 2014 年印度尼西亚家庭生活调查的信息使用有序逻辑回归和稳健的标准误差调整进行分析。结果表明，包括教育、年龄和性别因素在内的社区领导特征在影响老年人的社会排斥方面具有统计学意义。居住在由 50 岁或 50 岁以上的领导者领导的社区中且教育水平至少为高中的老年人不太可能被社会排斥。这两个变量在所有样本研究和仅女性老年人的子样本中都是显着的。这表明女性老年人的社会排斥在统计上基于社区领导人的变化比男性的社会排斥更敏感。