This study aimed to analyze the potentially harmful elements (PHEs) associated with roadside dust and their exposure risks to human health in Dhanbad, India. For the assessment of PHEs pollution, the geo-accumulation index, contamination factor, and integrated pollution load index were used. In this study the noncarcinogenic risk assessment for the people exposed to PHEs was estimated with the help of hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI); whereas the carcinogenic risk was estimated with the help of lifetime carcinogenic risk (CR). Major sources of PHEs pollution in the study area were vehicular emissions, domestic coal burning, transportation of coal, and industrial activities. Concentration of analyzed PHEs—Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Cd, As, Pb, Zn, Mn, and Fe was found within 4.22–31.09, 4.47–31.81, 8.48–46.97, 1.25–16.76, 1.29–5.25, 0.89–2.81, 30.07–81.64, 98.26–171.86, 23.23–474.93, and 1001.14–22,520.50 mg/kg, respectively. Values of HQ and HI indices below 1 would not introduce noncarcinogenic risk. Whereas the higher value of HQ and HI for children compared to the adults indicated that the children are more likely to be at risk. With values of CR below the safe limit for Co, Cd, and Pb (CR < 10^–6), the carcinogenic risk associated with the exposure of these PHEs is unlikely. However, for Cr, As, and Ni, the CR value went beyond the safe limit, and thus, exposure Cr, As, and Ni, may pose a carcinogenic risk. Further, higher values (> 10^–6) of total carcinogenic risk (CR_T) for the carcinogenic PHEs will have the probability to pose a carcinogenic risk.

本研究旨在分析与印度丹巴德路边灰尘相关的潜在有害元素 (PHE) 及其对人类健康的暴露风险。PHEs污染评价采用地累积指数、污染因子和综合污染负荷指数。本研究借助危害商数（HQ）和危害指数（HI）对暴露于PHEs的人群进行非致癌风险评估；而致癌风险是在终生致癌风险（CR）的帮助下估计的。研究区PHEs污染的主要来源是汽车尾气排放、生活煤炭燃烧、煤炭运输和工业活动。分析的 PHE 的浓度 - Cr、Ni、Cu、Co、Cd、As、Pb、Zn、Mn 和 Fe 的浓度在 4.22-31.09、4.47-31.81、8.48-46.97、1.25-16.76、1.29-5.295-0 之间2.81、30。分别为 07–81.64、98.26–171.86、23.23–474.93 和 1001.14–22,520.50 毫克/公斤。HQ 和 HI 指数低于 1 的值不会引入非致癌风险。而儿童的 HQ 和 HI 值高于成人，表明儿童更有可能处于危险之中。CR 值低于 Co、Cd 和 Pb 的安全限值（CR < 10^–6 )，与这些 PHE 接触相关的致癌风险是不可能的。但是，对于Cr、As、Ni，CR值超出了安全限度，因此，接触Cr、As、Ni，可能存在致癌风险。此外，致癌 PHE的总致癌风险 (CR _T )较高 (> 10 ^–6 )将有可能构成致癌风险。