Breast cancer ecosystems are composed of complex cell types, including tumor, stromal and immune cells, each of which can assume diverse phenotypes. Both the heterogeneous composition and spatially distinct tumor microenvironment impact breast cancer progression, treatment response and therapeutic resistance. Thus, a deeper understanding of breast cancer heterogeneity may help facilitate the development of novel therapies and improve outcomes for patients. The advent of paradigm shifting single-cell analysis and spatial pathologies allows for a comprehensive analysis of the tumor ecosystem as well as the interactions between its components at unprecedented resolution. In this review, we discuss the insights gained through single-cell analysis and spatial pathologies on breast cancer heterogeneity.

乳腺癌生态系统由复杂的细胞类型组成，包括肿瘤细胞、基质细胞和免疫细胞，每种细胞都可以呈现不同的表型。异质成分和空间上不同的肿瘤微环境都会影响乳腺癌的进展、治疗反应和治疗耐药性。因此，对乳腺癌异质性的更深入了解可能有助于促进新疗法的开发并改善患者的治疗结果。范式转变的单细胞分析和空间病理学的出现使得能够以前所未有的分辨率对肿瘤生态系统及其组成部分之间的相互作用进行全面分析。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了通过单细胞分析和空间病理学对乳腺癌异质性获得的见解。