Decarbonising the energy sector is crucial to reach future climate and energy goals. As established by the Energy Performance of Building Directive recast, Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) are the mandatory building target in Europe for all new buildings from 2021 onwards. In the light of the approaching deadline, this paper assesses the development of NZEBs in Europe based on the most recent collected data and information.

This paper provides an overview of the implementation of national definitions and energy performance values for new, existing, residential, and non-residential buildings in Member States. It evaluates the differences with the established European benchmark and cost-optimal levels. An overview of the most commonly implemented technologies in NZEBs is given together with costs and the relative projections over next decades. Finally, quantitative data on the NZEBs diffusion in Member States are given as recently assessed. The evolution of the NZEB concept and the future NZEBs role is also forecasted.

The results assume a strategic value in the light of future targets for the building sector, showing the progress made by Member States in relation to different NZEBs aspects. They provide a comprehensive analysis of the European NZEBs implementation depicting a positive overall progress improvement for NZEBs definitions, uptake, technology development, and energy performance levels. Next challenges and barriers are outlined and appear mainly related to NZEBs retrofit.

能源部门的脱碳对于实现未来的气候和能源目标至关重要。正如重新制定的建筑能源性能指令所确定的那样，从 2021 年起，欧洲所有新建筑的强制性建筑目标是近零能耗建筑 (NZEB)。鉴于截止日期的临近，本文根据最新收集的数据和信息评估了欧洲 NZEB 的发展。

本文概述了成员国对新建、现有、住宅和非住宅建筑的国家定义和能源性能值的实施情况。它评估与既定欧洲基准和成本最优水平的差异。概述了 NZEB 中最常用的技术以及成本和未来几十年的相对预测。最后，根据最近的评估，提供了关于 NZEB 在成员国中扩散的定量数据。还预测了 NZEB 概念的演变和未来 NZEB 的作用。

根据建筑行业的未来目标，结果具有战略价值，显示了成员国在不同 NZEB 方面取得的进展。它们对欧洲 NZEB 的实施进行了全面分析，描述了 NZEB 定义、采用、技术开发和能源性能水平的积极总体进展改进。概述了接下来的挑战和障碍，似乎主要与 NZEB 改造有关。