Usually, membrane performances are primarily motivated by the surface morphology. The morphological structure of the thin-film composite (TFC) membrane presents new potential applications for forward osmosis (FO) activities. In this review, the effect of different layered structural modifications on the activities of the TFC-FO flat sheet membranes was reviewed, highlighting several membranes layered frameworks along with the literature evidence. Also, we thoroughly investigated how the morphological properties including surface porosity, pore size, thickness and roughness influence the performance of FO membranes. This review paper concluded that the porosity, tortuosity, membrane thickness, surface roughness, water flux, salt rejection and reverse salt fluxes were altered by different layered structural modifications on the FO membranes. In addition, layer-by-layer (LbL) surface modified TFC-FO membranes helps to (i) prevent the direct contact of the skin and support layers, (ii) minimized the water transport resistance and increased the membrane selectivity, (iii) improved the water flux and solute rejection and (iv) reduced the structural parameter (S-value) and the internal concentration polarization (ICP).

通常，膜性能主要受表面形态的影响。薄膜复合 (TFC) 膜的形态结构为正向渗透 (FO) 活动提供了新的潜在应用。在这篇综述中，回顾了不同分层结构修改对 TFC-FO 平板膜活性的影响，重点介绍了几种膜分层框架以及文献证据。此外，我们彻底研究了包括表面孔隙率、孔径、厚度和粗糙度在内的形态特性如何影响 FO 膜的性能。这篇综述论文得出结论，FO 膜上的不同层状结构修改改变了孔隙率、弯曲度、膜厚度、表面粗糙度、水通量、盐截留率和反向盐通量。