The use of curative-intent multimodality therapy with chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation results in late toxicities in almost two-thirds of patients with pediatric cancer. When pelvic radiation is used for pediatric malignancies such as rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, and Wilms tumor, the associated late toxicities can affect many normal tissues and may include growth asymmetries, cystitis, infertility, and sexual dysfunction. We describe 4 recommendations of how to prevent or minimize late toxicities from pelvic radiation and review the literature of these pediatric late toxicities.

中文翻译：

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降低儿童和年轻人盆腔放射治疗晚期毒性的四种方法

在近三分之二的儿科癌症患者中，使用具有治疗目的的多模式治疗结合化疗、手术和放疗会导致晚期毒性。当盆腔放疗用于小儿恶性肿瘤如横纹肌肉瘤、淋巴瘤、神经母细胞瘤、尤文肉瘤和维尔姆斯瘤时，相关的晚期毒性会影响许多正常组织，可能包括生长不对称、膀胱炎、不孕症和性功能障碍。我们描述了 4 项关于如何预防或尽量减少盆腔放疗晚期毒性的建议，并回顾了这些儿科晚期毒性的文献。