Abstract—We compared the formation of neural representations of object–place associations between the waking state and paradoxical sleep in the hippocampus. The activity of hippocampal neurons is affected by the supramammillary, paraventricular, and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. Sequentially complexifying representations of object–place associations are formed during signal transduction from the dentate gyrus through the CA3 to CA1 fields on the neurons of these areas in the waking state. Inputs from the supramammillary nucleus to the dentate gyrus and CA2 field, as well as inputs to the CA2 field from the paraventricular and supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei, containing vasopressin and oxytocin-secreting neurons, facilitate signal transmission into the CA1 field by promoting long-term potentiation (LTP) of the efficacy of CA3–CA2 and CA2–CA1 connections and the summation of excitation from the CA3 and CA2 fields to the neurons of CA1 field connected with the prefrontal cortex. Information about odors from the olfactory bulb entering the CA2 field through the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei is incorporated into the representations of object–place associations. In paradoxical sleep, when the transmission of signals along the dentate gyrus–CA3–CA1 pathway is limited, the inputs from the hypothalamic nuclei facilitate LTP at each step of the dentate gyrus-CA2–CA1 pathway. As a result, during paradoxical sleep the conditions are improved in order to form new representations of object–place associations on CA2 pyramidal neurons and their target cells in the CA1 field connected with the amygdala. It follows from the analysis performed that neural representations of object–place associations formed on the hippocampal neurons during paradoxical sleep are different from those formed in the waking state.

摘要—我们比较了海马体中清醒状态和反常睡眠之间物体-位置关联的神经表征的形成。海马神经元的活动受下丘脑的乳头上核、室旁核和视上核的影响。在从齿状回通过 CA3 到 CA1 场的信号转导过程中，在清醒状态下这些区域的神经元上形成了物体-位置关联的顺序复杂表示。从乳头上核到齿状回和 CA2 场的输入，以及从室旁和视上下丘脑核对 CA2 场的输入，含有加压素和催产素分泌神经元，通过促进 CA3–CA2 和 CA2–CA1 连接功效的长期增强 (LTP) 以及从 CA3 和 CA2 场到与前额叶皮层连接的 CA1 场神经元的兴奋总和，促进信号传输到 CA1 场. 来自嗅球的气味通过室旁和视上核进入 CA2 场的信息被纳入对象 - 地点关联的表示中。在矛盾睡眠中，当沿着齿状回-CA3-CA1 通路的信号传输受到限制时，来自下丘脑核的输入促进齿状回-CA2-CA1 通路每一步的 LTP。因此，在矛盾睡眠期间，条件得到改善，以便在 CA2 锥体神经元及其与杏仁核相连的 CA1 场中的目标细胞上形成物体-位置关联的新表征。根据所进行的分析，在矛盾睡眠期间在海马神经元上形成的物体-地点关联的神经表征与在清醒状态下形成的不同。