The coupling of ultra-intense, ultra-short laser pulses with solid targets is heavily dependent on the properties of the vacuum–solid interface and is usually quite low. However, laser absorption can be enhanced via micro or nanopatterning of the target surface. Depending on the laser features and target geometry, conditions can be optimized for the generation of hot dense matter, which can be used to produce high-brightness radiation sources or even to accelerate particles to relativistic energies. In this context, ZnO nanowires were grown on metallic, thin-foil targets. The use of a thin-foil substrate was dictated by the need to achieve proton acceleration via target normal sheath acceleration at the rear side. The chemical process parameters were studied in-depth to provide control over the nanowire size, shape, and distribution. Moreover, the manufacturing process was optimized to provide accurate reproducibility of key parameters in the widest possible range and good homogeneity across the entire foil area.

中文翻译：

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用于超高强度激光相互作用实验的 ZnO 纳米线涂层薄箔靶的制备

超强、超短激光脉冲与固体目标的耦合在很大程度上取决于真空-固体界面的特性，并且通常很低。然而，激光吸收可以通过目标表面的微米或纳米图案增强。根据激光特征和目标几何形状，可以优化产生热致密物质的条件，可用于产生高亮度辐射源，甚至将粒子加速到相对论能量。在这种情况下，ZnO 纳米线生长在金属薄箔靶上。薄箔基板的使用取决于通过背面的目标法向鞘加速实现质子加速的需要。深入研究化学工艺参数以控制纳米线的尺寸、形状和分布。而且，