Energy provisioning plays a key role in the sustainable operations of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Recent efforts deploy multi-source energy harvesting sensors to utilize ambient energy. Meanwhile, wireless charging is a reliable energy source not affected by spatial-temporal ambient dynamics. This article integrates multiple energy provisioning strategies and adaptive adjustment to accomplish self-sustainability under complex weather conditions. We design and optimize a three-tier framework with the first two tiers focusing on the planning problems of sensors with various types and distributed energy storage powered by environmental energy. Then we schedule the Mobile Chargers (MC) between different charging activities and propose an efficient, 4-factor approximation algorithm. Finally, we adaptively adjust the algorithms to capture real-time energy profiles and jointly optimize those correlated modules. Our extensive simulations demonstrate significant improvement of network lifetime ( ), increase of harvested energy (15%), reduction of network cost (30%), and the charging capability of MC by 100%.

中文翻译：

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具有能量收集和无线充电功能的自可持续无线传感器网络设计

能源供应在无线传感器网络 (WSN) 的可持续运营中发挥着关键作用。最近的努力部署了多源能量收集传感器来利用环境能量。同时，无线充电是一种不受时空环境动态影响的可靠能源。本文整合了多种能源供应策略和自适应调整，以实现复杂天气条件下的自给自足。我们设计和优化了一个三层框架，前两层重点关注各种类型的传感器和环境能源驱动的分布式储能的规划问题。然后，我们在不同的充电活动之间安排移动充电器 (MC)，并提出一种高效的 4 因子近似算法。最后，我们自适应地调整算法以捕获实时能量分布并联合优化这些相关模块。我们广泛的模拟证明了网络寿命的显着改善（ )、收获能量增加 (15%)、网络成本降低 (30%)、MC 充电能力提高 100%。